High altitude increases alteration in maximal torque but not in rapid torque development in knee extensors after repeated treadmill sprinting

We assessed knee extensor neuromuscular adjustments following repeated treadmill sprints in different normobaric hypoxia conditions, with special reference to rapid muscle torque production capacity. Thirteen team- and racquet-sport athletes undertook 8 x 5-s all-out sprints (passive recovery = 25 s...

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Main Authors: Olivier eGIRARD, Franck eBrocherie, Gregoire P Millet
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Physiology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2016.00097/full
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spelling doaj-fe1fefca7a8441628dc6296655eee9c42020-11-25T00:12:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2016-03-01710.3389/fphys.2016.00097185118High altitude increases alteration in maximal torque but not in rapid torque development in knee extensors after repeated treadmill sprintingOlivier eGIRARD0Olivier eGIRARD1Franck eBrocherie2Gregoire P Millet3ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, SwitzerlandAspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine HospitalISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, SwitzerlandISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, SwitzerlandWe assessed knee extensor neuromuscular adjustments following repeated treadmill sprints in different normobaric hypoxia conditions, with special reference to rapid muscle torque production capacity. Thirteen team- and racquet-sport athletes undertook 8 x 5-s all-out sprints (passive recovery = 25 s) on a non-motorized treadmill in normoxia (NM; FiO2 = 20.9%), at low (LA; FiO2 = 16.6%) and high (HA; FiO2 = 13.3%) normobaric hypoxia (simulated altitudes of ~1800 m and ~3600 m, respectively). Explosive (∼1 s; fast instruction) and maximal (∼5 s; hard instruction) voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) of the knee extensors, with concurrent electromyographic (EMG) activity recordings of the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles, were performed before and 1-min post-exercise. Rate of torque development (RTD) and EMG (i.e., Root Mean Square or RMS) rise from 0 to 30, -50, -100 and -200 ms were recorded, and were also normalized to maximal torque and EMG values, respectively. Distance covered during the first 5-s sprint was similar (P>0.05) in all conditions. A larger (P<0.05) sprint decrement score and a shorter (P<0.05) cumulated distance covered over the eight sprints occurred in HA (-8±4% and 178±11 m) but not in LA (-7±3% and 181±10 m) compared to NM (-5±2% and 183±9 m). Compared to NM (-9±7%), a larger (P<0.05) reduction in MVC torque occurred post-exercise in HA (-14±9%) but not in LA (-12±7%), with no difference between NM and LA (P>0.05). Irrespectively of condition (P>0.05), peak RTD (-6±11%; P<0.05) and normalized peak RMS activity for VL (-8±11%; P=0.07) and RF (-14±11%; P<0.01) muscles were reduced post-exercise, whereas reductions (P<0.05) in absolute RTD occurred within the 0-100 (-8±9%) and 0-200 ms (-10±8%) epochs after contraction onset. After normalisation to MVC torque, there was no difference in RTD values. Additionally, the EMG rise for VL muscle was similar (P>0.05), whereas it increased (P<0.05) for RF muscle during all epochs post-exercise, independently of the conditions. In summary, alteration in repeated-sprint ability and post-exercise MVC decrease were greater at high altitude than in normoxia or at low altitude. However, the post-exercise alterations in RTD were similar between normoxia and low-to-high hypoxia.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2016.00097/fullhypoxianeural driveRepeated-sprint abilityrapid torque developmentvoluntary force production.
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Olivier eGIRARD
Olivier eGIRARD
Franck eBrocherie
Gregoire P Millet
spellingShingle Olivier eGIRARD
Olivier eGIRARD
Franck eBrocherie
Gregoire P Millet
High altitude increases alteration in maximal torque but not in rapid torque development in knee extensors after repeated treadmill sprinting
Frontiers in Physiology
hypoxia
neural drive
Repeated-sprint ability
rapid torque development
voluntary force production.
author_facet Olivier eGIRARD
Olivier eGIRARD
Franck eBrocherie
Gregoire P Millet
author_sort Olivier eGIRARD
title High altitude increases alteration in maximal torque but not in rapid torque development in knee extensors after repeated treadmill sprinting
title_short High altitude increases alteration in maximal torque but not in rapid torque development in knee extensors after repeated treadmill sprinting
title_full High altitude increases alteration in maximal torque but not in rapid torque development in knee extensors after repeated treadmill sprinting
title_fullStr High altitude increases alteration in maximal torque but not in rapid torque development in knee extensors after repeated treadmill sprinting
title_full_unstemmed High altitude increases alteration in maximal torque but not in rapid torque development in knee extensors after repeated treadmill sprinting
title_sort high altitude increases alteration in maximal torque but not in rapid torque development in knee extensors after repeated treadmill sprinting
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Physiology
issn 1664-042X
publishDate 2016-03-01
description We assessed knee extensor neuromuscular adjustments following repeated treadmill sprints in different normobaric hypoxia conditions, with special reference to rapid muscle torque production capacity. Thirteen team- and racquet-sport athletes undertook 8 x 5-s all-out sprints (passive recovery = 25 s) on a non-motorized treadmill in normoxia (NM; FiO2 = 20.9%), at low (LA; FiO2 = 16.6%) and high (HA; FiO2 = 13.3%) normobaric hypoxia (simulated altitudes of ~1800 m and ~3600 m, respectively). Explosive (∼1 s; fast instruction) and maximal (∼5 s; hard instruction) voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) of the knee extensors, with concurrent electromyographic (EMG) activity recordings of the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles, were performed before and 1-min post-exercise. Rate of torque development (RTD) and EMG (i.e., Root Mean Square or RMS) rise from 0 to 30, -50, -100 and -200 ms were recorded, and were also normalized to maximal torque and EMG values, respectively. Distance covered during the first 5-s sprint was similar (P>0.05) in all conditions. A larger (P<0.05) sprint decrement score and a shorter (P<0.05) cumulated distance covered over the eight sprints occurred in HA (-8±4% and 178±11 m) but not in LA (-7±3% and 181±10 m) compared to NM (-5±2% and 183±9 m). Compared to NM (-9±7%), a larger (P<0.05) reduction in MVC torque occurred post-exercise in HA (-14±9%) but not in LA (-12±7%), with no difference between NM and LA (P>0.05). Irrespectively of condition (P>0.05), peak RTD (-6±11%; P<0.05) and normalized peak RMS activity for VL (-8±11%; P=0.07) and RF (-14±11%; P<0.01) muscles were reduced post-exercise, whereas reductions (P<0.05) in absolute RTD occurred within the 0-100 (-8±9%) and 0-200 ms (-10±8%) epochs after contraction onset. After normalisation to MVC torque, there was no difference in RTD values. Additionally, the EMG rise for VL muscle was similar (P>0.05), whereas it increased (P<0.05) for RF muscle during all epochs post-exercise, independently of the conditions. In summary, alteration in repeated-sprint ability and post-exercise MVC decrease were greater at high altitude than in normoxia or at low altitude. However, the post-exercise alterations in RTD were similar between normoxia and low-to-high hypoxia.
topic hypoxia
neural drive
Repeated-sprint ability
rapid torque development
voluntary force production.
url http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2016.00097/full
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