| Summary: | Abstract Objective Although cervical cancer is a preventable disease, it remains a leading cause of death among women in developing countries. In this unmatched case control design, 55 cases and 109 controls were included. The main objective of this study was to assess the risk factors of precancerous cervical lesion in Adama town. Results A total of 164 participants were recruited in this study. Of the 109 controls, 64 (61%) and 41 (39%) of cases were using oral contraception. Women who were using oral contraception were two times at risk for developing precancerous cervical lesion than who were not using (COR = 2.059 95% CI 1.006, 4.216; AOR = 2.342). Out of 55 cases, 21 (38.2%) cases had a history STI and out of 109 controls, 24 (22.2%) controls had a history of STI. It was revealed that STI has a significant association for developing of precancerous lesion. Women who had a history of STI were two times at risk of developing precancerous cervical lesion than who had no (COR = 2.187; AOR = 2.485). It was found that initiation of sexual intercourse before the age of 15 years has 5.6 risks to develop precancerous cervical lesion (COR = 5.625 AOR = 6.703).
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