| Summary: | Abstract Objective To evaluate the knowledge and conduct of dentists of the Public Health System (Family Health Strategy – FHS) regarding Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART). Material and method A census survey was conducted and all FHS dentists from the urban area of the city of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil were visited in their workplaces and invited to participate in this study. Data collection was carried out between July and October, 2014 through self-administered questionnaires. For statistical analysis the chi-square test with a significance level of 5% and the linear association test were applied. Result One hundred and eighty-three professionals participated in the study (with a response rate of 89.7%), mostly women (71.0%), aged twenty to thirty-nine years (49.2%), with twenty or more years’ experience since graduation (45.9%), working only in the public service (70.5%), and with expertise in the clinical area (44.3%). Most of them believe in ART (82.7%) and 95.8% of them apply it (of those, 58.9% apply it only in public service). The professionals’ individual knowledge of ART was measured and most of them have correct information regarding the treatment. The knowledge level evaluation was significantly associated with age and time since graduation (p<0.05). Conclusion Most of the dentistsworking in the public health system of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil have a good knowledge of and show positive behavior towardentists ART, but improvement is needed regarding the technique and its correct indication.
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