| Summary: | Vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>) is a typical metal-insulator transition (MIT) material, which changes from room-temperature monoclinic insulating phase to high-temperature rutile metallic phase. The phase transition of VO<sub>2</sub> is accompanied by sudden changes in conductance and optical transmittance. Due to the excellent phase transition characteristics of VO<sub>2</sub>, it has been widely studied in the applications of electric and optical devices, smart windows, sensors, actuators, etc. In this review, we provide a summary about several phases of VO<sub>2</sub> and their corresponding structural features, the typical fabrication methods of VO<sub>2</sub> nanostructures (e.g., thin film and low-dimensional structures (LDSs)) and the properties and related applications of VO<sub>2</sub>. In addition, the challenges and opportunities for VO<sub>2</sub> in future studies and applications are also discussed.
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