The close relationship between sudden loss of smell and COVID-19

Introduction: The real number of COVID-19 cases may be underestimated since several countries have difficulty offering laboratory tests for all the population. Therefore, finding a symptom with a high predictive value would help in diagnostic and isolation strategies. Objective: To correlate the sud...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lucia Joffily, Aluan Ungierowicz, Andrea Goldwasser David, Bruna Melo, César Leandro Terra Brito, Luciane Mello, Priscilla de Souza Campos dos Santos, Rogério Pezato
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2020-09-01
Series:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1808869420300604
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Summary:Introduction: The real number of COVID-19 cases may be underestimated since several countries have difficulty offering laboratory tests for all the population. Therefore, finding a symptom with a high predictive value would help in diagnostic and isolation strategies. Objective: To correlate the sudden loss of the sense of smell in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic with results of diagnostic tests for COVID-19. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study. An online questionnaire was digitally addressed to 725 outpatients in Brazil who reported partial or total sudden loss of the sense of smell from March to April 2020. Results: Total or partial sudden loss of the sense of smell showed high positive predictive value for COVID-19 diagnosis, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil (88.8%). There were no differences between groups tested positive and negative in regard to demographic and clinical characteristics such as presence of allergy, rhinitis, neither to olfactory recovery time. Conclusion: The identification of sudden loss of the sense of smell during COVID-19 pandemic may serve as a sentinel symptom and may be a warning to establish measures to prevent the transmission of the disease. Resumo: Introdução: O número real de casos COVID-19 pode estar subestimado, pois vários países têm dificuldade em oferecer exames laboratoriais para toda a população. Portanto, encontrar um sintoma com alto valor preditivo ajudaria nas estratégias de diagnóstico e isolamento. Objetivo: Correlacionar a perda súbita do olfato no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19 com os resultados dos testes de diagnóstico da COVID-19. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal. Um questionário on-line foi enviado digitalmente a 725 voluntários que apresentaram perda súbita parcial ou total do sentido de olfato de março a abril de 2020 no Brasil. Resultados: A perda súbita total ou parcial do sentido do olfato apresentou alto valor preditivo positivo para o diagnóstico de COVID-19, durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil (88,8%). Não houve diferenças entre os grupos positivos e negativos em relação às características demográficas e clínicas, como presença de alergia, rinite e tempo de recuperação olfativa. Conclusão: A identificação de perda súbita do olfato durante a pandemia de COVID-19 pode servir como sintoma sentinela e pode ser um alerta para estabelecer medidas para impedir a transmissão da doença.
ISSN:1808-8694