A Long Baseline Three Carrier Ambiguity Resolution with a New Ionospheric Constraint

Global navigation satellite sensors can transmit three frequency signals. When the classical three-carrier ambiguity resolution (TCAR) is applied to long baselines of hundreds of kilometres, the narrow-lane integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) is affected by the remaining double-differenced (DD) ionos...

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Main Authors: Yafei Ning, Yunbin Yuan, Zhen Huang, Yanju Chai, Bingfeng Tan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2016-11-01
Series:ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/11/198
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spelling doaj-fb805b8ed29948cb8e2c0f85144cbb362020-11-24T21:08:56ZengMDPI AGISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information2220-99642016-11-0151119810.3390/ijgi5110198ijgi5110198A Long Baseline Three Carrier Ambiguity Resolution with a New Ionospheric ConstraintYafei Ning0Yunbin Yuan1Zhen Huang2Yanju Chai3Bingfeng Tan4State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, ChinaShandong Women’s University, Jinan 250300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, ChinaGlobal navigation satellite sensors can transmit three frequency signals. When the classical three-carrier ambiguity resolution (TCAR) is applied to long baselines of hundreds of kilometres, the narrow-lane integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) is affected by the remaining double-differenced (DD) ionospheric delays. As such, large amounts of observational data are typically needed for successful recovery. To strengthen ionospheric delays, we analysed the combination of three frequency signals and a new ambiguity-free ionospheric combination where the least amount of noise is defined, which is enhanced with epoch-differenced ionospheric delays to provide better absolute ionospheric delay and temporal change. To optimize ionosphere estimations, we propose defining the optimal smoothing length, and also propose a strategy to diagnose wrongly determined ionospheric estimations. With such ionospheric information, we can obtain the ionosphere-weighted model by incorporating the ionospheric information to the geometry-based model and use the real triple-frequency observations to evaluate our method. Our results show that the precision of ionospheric estimations from our new ionospheric model is 25% higher than that from the current combination method and that it can provide real-time smoothed ionospheric delay with magnitudes defined to the nearest centimetre. Additionally, using ionospheric estimation as a constraint, the ionosphere-weighted model requires 20% less time to generate the first-fixed solution (TFFS) than the geometry-based model.http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/11/198triple-frequency signalsnew ionospheric modelionosphere-weighted modelTFFS1
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Yafei Ning
Yunbin Yuan
Zhen Huang
Yanju Chai
Bingfeng Tan
spellingShingle Yafei Ning
Yunbin Yuan
Zhen Huang
Yanju Chai
Bingfeng Tan
A Long Baseline Three Carrier Ambiguity Resolution with a New Ionospheric Constraint
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
triple-frequency signals
new ionospheric model
ionosphere-weighted model
TFFS1
author_facet Yafei Ning
Yunbin Yuan
Zhen Huang
Yanju Chai
Bingfeng Tan
author_sort Yafei Ning
title A Long Baseline Three Carrier Ambiguity Resolution with a New Ionospheric Constraint
title_short A Long Baseline Three Carrier Ambiguity Resolution with a New Ionospheric Constraint
title_full A Long Baseline Three Carrier Ambiguity Resolution with a New Ionospheric Constraint
title_fullStr A Long Baseline Three Carrier Ambiguity Resolution with a New Ionospheric Constraint
title_full_unstemmed A Long Baseline Three Carrier Ambiguity Resolution with a New Ionospheric Constraint
title_sort long baseline three carrier ambiguity resolution with a new ionospheric constraint
publisher MDPI AG
series ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
issn 2220-9964
publishDate 2016-11-01
description Global navigation satellite sensors can transmit three frequency signals. When the classical three-carrier ambiguity resolution (TCAR) is applied to long baselines of hundreds of kilometres, the narrow-lane integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) is affected by the remaining double-differenced (DD) ionospheric delays. As such, large amounts of observational data are typically needed for successful recovery. To strengthen ionospheric delays, we analysed the combination of three frequency signals and a new ambiguity-free ionospheric combination where the least amount of noise is defined, which is enhanced with epoch-differenced ionospheric delays to provide better absolute ionospheric delay and temporal change. To optimize ionosphere estimations, we propose defining the optimal smoothing length, and also propose a strategy to diagnose wrongly determined ionospheric estimations. With such ionospheric information, we can obtain the ionosphere-weighted model by incorporating the ionospheric information to the geometry-based model and use the real triple-frequency observations to evaluate our method. Our results show that the precision of ionospheric estimations from our new ionospheric model is 25% higher than that from the current combination method and that it can provide real-time smoothed ionospheric delay with magnitudes defined to the nearest centimetre. Additionally, using ionospheric estimation as a constraint, the ionosphere-weighted model requires 20% less time to generate the first-fixed solution (TFFS) than the geometry-based model.
topic triple-frequency signals
new ionospheric model
ionosphere-weighted model
TFFS1
url http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/11/198
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