Swapping Space for Time: An Alternative to Time-Domain Interferometry

• Main Author: Marek Czachor
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-05-01
• Series: Frontiers in Physics
• Subjects: quantum interferometers; CNOT gate; entanglement; which-way information; spontaneous emission and dephasing
• Online Access: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphy.2019.00079/full

Young's double-slit experiment [1] requires two waves produced simultaneously at two different points in space. In quantum mechanics the waves correspond to a single quantum object, even as complex as a big molecule. An interference is present as long as one cannot tell for sure which slit is chosen by the object. The more we know about the path, the worse the interference. In the paper we show that quantum mechanics allows for a dual version of the phenomenon: self-interference of waves propagating through a single slit but at different moments of time. The effect occurs for time-independent Hamiltonians and thus should not be confused with Moshinsky-type time-domain interference [2], a consequence of active modulation of parameters of the system (oscillating mirrors, chopped beams, time-dependent apertures, moving gratings, etc.). The discussed phenomenon is counterintuitive even for those who are trained in entangled-state quantum interferometry. For example, the more we know about the trajectory in space, the better the interference. Exactly solvable models lead to formulas deceptively similar to those from a Youngian analysis. The models are finite dimensional, with interaction terms based on two-qubit CNOT quantum gates. The effect is generic and should be observable in a large variety of experimental configurations. Moreover, there are reasons to believe that this new type of quantum interference was in fact already observed in atomic interferometry almost three decades ago, but was misinterpreted and thus rejected as an artifact of unknown origin.