Emergence of Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans (Apiotrichum mycotoxinivorans) invasive infections in Latin America

• Main Authors: João Nobrega de Almeida Jr, Elaine Cristina Francisco, Maria Goreth M de Andrade Barberino, Luiz Vicente Ribeiro F da Silva Filho, Oriana M Brandão, Arnaldo Lopes Colombo, Ana Carolina Barbosa Padovan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde
• Series: Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.
• Subjects: Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans; Apiotrichum mycotoxinivorans; infection; biofilm; antifungal susceptibility; literature review
• Online Access: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762017001000719&lng=en&tlng=en

We report the first two cases of Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans infections in Latin America. We also conducted a literature review and a microbiological investigation, including that of clinical and environmental isolates. A 30-year-old man with chronic renal failure had disseminated infection after dialysis and a 15-year-old boy with cystic fibrosis (CF) had pulmonary exacerbations with positive respiratory samples. A review of the relevant literature revealed that deep-seated infections were related to immunosuppression or invasive devices, while most of the CF patients showed a decline in lung function after positive cultures. Phylogenetic analyses revealed three distinct circulating genotypes. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis showed similar spectral profiles and correctly identified all strains/isolates. Biofilm production was documented in a bloodstream isolate and biofilm-producing cells showed high minimum inhibitory concentrations against antifungals.