| Summary: | <p/> <p>Combined parenteral and intramammary treatment of mastitis caused by <it>Staphylococcus aureus </it>was compared to parenteral treatment only. Cows with clinical mastitis (166 mastitic quarters) caused by <it>S. aureus </it>treated by veterinarians of the Ambulatory Clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine during routine farm calls were included. Treatment was based on in vitro susceptibility testing of the bacterial isolate. Procaine penicillin G (86 cases due to <it>β</it>-lactamase negative strains) or amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (24 cases due to <it>β</it>-lactamase positive strains) was administered parenterally and intramammarily for 5 days. Efficacy of treatments was assessed 2 and 4 weeks later by physical examination, bacteriological culture, determination of CMT, somatic cell count and NAGase activity in milk. Quarters with growth of <it>S. aureus </it>in at least one post-treatment sample were classified as non-cured. As controls we used 41 clinical mastitis cases caused by penicillin-susceptible <it>S. aureus </it>isolates treated with procaine penicillin G parenterally for 5 days and 15 cases due to penicillin-resistant isolates treated with spiramycin parenterally for 5 days from the same practice area. Bacteriological cure rate after the combination treatment was 75.6% for quarters infected with penicillin-susceptible <it>S. aureus </it>isolates, and 29.2% for quarters infected with penicillin-resistant isolates. Cure rate for quarters treated only parenterally with procaine penicillin G was 56.1% and that for quarters treated with spiramycin 33.3%. The difference in cure rates between mastitis due to penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant <it>S. aureus </it>was highly significant. Combined treatment was superior over systemic treatment only in the <it>β</it>-lactamase negative group.</p>
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