Karakteristik dan Gaya Hidup Pasien Hipertensi di Rumah Sakit Al-Islam Bandung

• Main Authors: Rizky Ramdhani, Titik Respati, Siska Nia Irasanti
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Universitas Islam Bandung 2013-09-01
• Series: Global Medical & Health Communication
• Subjects: gaya hidup; hipertensi; karakteristik; characteristics; hypertension; lifestyle
• Online Access: http://ejournal.unisba.ac.id/index.php/gmhc/article/view/1521

Abstrak Hipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan yang semakin penting, karena prevalensi yang meningkat setiap tahun. Pada tahun 2000 World Health Organization memperkirakan prevalensi hipertensi sebesar 26,4% di dunia, Menurut Riskesdas tahun 2007 memperkirakan prevalensi hipertensi sebesar 31,7%. Faktor risiko hipertensi dapat dibedakan menjadi non modifiable (seperti keturunan, jenis kelamin, dan usia) dan modifiable (seperti kurang olahraga, obesitas, dan garam). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan gaya hidup pasien hipertensi di RS Al-Islam Bandung. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien yang datang ke poli rawat jalan Instalasi Penyakit Dalam RS Al-Islam periode 1 April–31 Juli 2012. Sebanyak 230 subjek mengikuti penelitian terdiri atas 114 pasien hipertensi dan 116 pasien normotensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pasien hipertensi berusia rata-rata 61–70 tahun (38,6%), berjenis kelamin perempuan (68,4%), berpendidikan S-1 (42,1%), ibu rumah tangga 48,2%, memiliki faktor genetik (66,7%), serta tidak rutin melakukan olahraga (47,4%). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan faktor risiko yang mempunyai   hubungan dengan hipertensi adalah usia (p=0,0001), jenis kelamin (p=0,007), riwayat hipertensi (p=0,048), tidak rutin olahraga (p=0,004), dan tidak melakukan pencegahan (p=0,0001). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah kejadian hipertensi dipengaruhi oleh usia, jenis kelamin, faktor risiko, dan kebiasaan olahraga rutin. Hasil ini diharapkan dapat dipergunakan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang faktor risiko hipertensi sehingga dapat menurunkan kejadian hipertensi di masyarakat.   Kata kunci: Gaya hidup, hipertensi, karakteristik   Characteristic and Lifestyle of Hypertension Patients at Al-Islam Hospital Bandung     Abstract Hypertension is an increasingly important health problem, showed by an increasing prevalence every year. In 2000 the World Health Organization estimates that the prevalence of hypertension in the world were 26.4%. According to Riskesdas in 2007 it was estimated that the prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia was 31.7%. Risk factors for hypertension can be divided into nonmodifiable (such as heredity, gender, and age) and modifiable (such as lack of exercise, obesity and salt). This study aimed to investigate the patient's characteristics and lifestyle. This is a descriptive study using cross sectional analytic approach. Subjects were patients attending the outpatient clinic at Al-Islam Hospital, Internal Medicine Department during 1st  April to 31st  July 2012. A total of 230 subjects completed the study with 114 subjects diagnosed as hypertensive and 116 normotensive. The results showed that majority of    hypertensive patients were 61–70 years old (38.6%), female (68.4%), university graduate  (42.1%), housewives 48.2%, has genetic factor (66.7%), and doing exercise irregularly (47.4%). The results showed that risk factors associated with hypertension were age (p=0.0001), gender (p =0.007), genetic factors (p=0.048), irregular exercise (p=0.004), and no prevention of hypertension (p=0.001). The conclusion of this study is the incidence of hypertension is influenced by age, sex, genetic factors and regular exercise habits. These results are expected to be used to increase knowledge about risk factors for hypertension that may be used to help decreasing the incidence of this disease in the community.   Key words: Characteristics, hypertension, lifestyle