Novel GALC Mutations Cause Adult-Onset Krabbe Disease With Myelopathy in Two Chinese Families: Case Reports and Literature Review

• Main Authors: Junfei Zhong, Fei Jiang, Huan Yang, Jing Li, Jian Cheng, Qiuming Zeng, Qian Xu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-08-01
• Series: Frontiers in Neurology
• Subjects: Krabbe disease; adult onset; novel GALC mutations; myelopathy; literature review
• Online Access: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2020.00830/full

Krabbe disease (KD), also referred to as globoid cell leukodystrophy, is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by β-galactocerebrosidase (GALC) deficiency. Most patients affected by this disease are infants, and <10% of cases suffer from adult-onset KD. In this study, two Chinese males presented with long-term progressive weakness in their limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord of these patients revealed lesions with abnormally high signal intensity on T2-weighted (T2W) and T2W fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. Whole-exome sequencing was performed for both patients, and four GALC mutations were identified. Case 1 carried a novel deletion mutation (p.T633Tfs*2) and a known missense mutation (p.T529M), while case 2 carried a novel missense mutation (p.W355C) and a known missense mutation (p.P154H). Previous literature has rarely reported myelopathy in patients with KD; in this study, we report two cases of adult-onset KD who both experienced myelopathy. We also conducted a literature review of KD and its association with myelopathy. Our findings provide a better understanding of the phenotypic and genotypic profiles associated with adult-onset KD. We recommend that physicians consider KD as a possible diagnosis in cases showing progressive motor dysfunction or gait disorder in association with typical myelopathy.