Features of chemoresistant tuberculosis/HIV co-infection in pregnant women (two case reports)

• Main Authors: O.M. Raznatovska, T.A. Grekova, A.V. Fedorets, A.I. Pyrog, K.P. Khokhlova
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Publishing House Zaslavsky 2019-09-01
• Series: Aktualʹnaâ Infektologiâ
• Subjects: chemoresistant tuberculosis; human immunodeficiency virus; pregnancy
• Online Access: http://ai.zaslavsky.com.ua/article/view/178884
• ISSN: 2312-413X; 2312-4148

Background. These days throughout the world, the global issues are such diseases as chemoresistant tuberculosis (CRTB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which greatly complicate each other in combined course. At the same time, tuberculosis as an opportunistic disease is one of the main causes of death in HIV­positive patients. Having analyzed the literature data, we found that the course of pregnancy in patients with drug­susceptible tuberculosis/HIV co­infection is sufficiently covered today. However, there are only a few works that highlight this issue in patients with CRTB/HIV co­infection, which is characteri­zed by a more complex course and complications. The purpose: to update the literature data with the clinical features of CRTB/HIV co­infection course in pregnant women based on case reports. Materials and methods. Two own clinical cases of CRTB/HIV co­infection course in pregnant women have been described. Patients were hospitalized to the department of pulmonary tuberculosis no. 3 (clinical site of phthisiology and pulmono­logy department of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University at the Municipal Institution “Zaporizhzhia Regional Tuberculosis Clinical Dispensary”). Results. In the first case, the severity of patient’s state and rapid disease progression were caused by tuberculosis process spreading due to severe immunodeficiency, which resulted in intrauterine fetal demise (32 weeks), multiple organ failure, intestinal perforation and peritonitis. In the second case, the patient did not adhere to treatment of both tuberculosis and HIV infection that was associated with a rapid progression of specific process reported to be life­threatening and was the cause of elective abortion at 20 weeks of gestation. Conclusions. These clinical cases demonstrate the complexity and difficulties in management of CRTB/HIV co­infection in pregnant women due to non­adherence to treatment, rapid disease progression (tuberculosis process spreading, worsening of immunodeficiency) leading to the life­threatening situation for mothers and increasing perinatal mortality rate.