Orthoptic parameters and asthenopic symptoms analysis after 3D viewing at varying distances

• Main Authors: Oleeviya Joseph, Lavanya Kalikivayi, Sajeev Cherian Jacob, Venkataramana Kalikivayi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Press of International Journal of Ophthalmology (IJO PRESS) 2018-05-01
• Series: Guoji Yanke Zazhi
• Subjects: amplitude of accommodation; near point of convergence; near phoria; asthenopia; 3D video and stereopsis
• Online Access: http://ies.ijo.cn/cn_publish/2018/5/201805001.pdf

AIM: To analyse visual modifications such as amplitude of accommodation, near point of convergence(NPC)reopsis and near phoria associated with asthenopic symptoms after 3D viewing at varying distances.<p>METHODS: A prospective study. Thirty young adults were randomly selected. Each individual was exposed to 3D viewing thrice in a day for a fixed distance and the distance was varied on three consecutive days. Same video of equal duration and different screen sizes were used for every distance. Cyclic 3D mode of K-multimedia(KM)player was used for projecting the 3D video. Different variables like stereopsis, amplitude of accommodation, near point of accommodation, near phoria and asthenopic symptoms were recorded immediately after 3D video viewing. Stereopsis was measured with “Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek” or “Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research”(TNO test), amplitude of accommodation and NPC were measured using RAF ruler, near phoria was measured using prism bar and a closed ended sample questionnaire was used to know the occurrence of asthenopic symptoms. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics, paired <i>t</i>-test <i>etc</i>. Qualitative data was analyzed using Chi-square test.<p>RESULTS: For every distance of 40 cm, 3 m and 6 m, amplitude of accommodation was significantly reduced by 0.66 D, 1.12 D and 1.44 D. NPC got significantly receded by 0.63 cm, 0.93 cm and 1.23 cm, and the near phoria was significantly increased by 0.87, and 2.2 prism dioptres(PD)base-in respectively. It was found that most of the subjects got pain around the eyes, headache and irritation for each viewing distance. This study also revealed that 3D video viewing in theaters may increase the symptoms of headache, watering and irritation. Symptoms like headache, watering, fatigue, irritation and nausea may increase considerably at home environment and symptoms such as headache and watering may cause significant discomfort by 3D viewing using a laptop.<p>CONCLUSION: There was a significant difference in amplitude of accommodation, NPC, near phoria and asthenopic symptoms before and after viewing a 3D video and also at three viewing distances. There was a predominant occurrence of asthenopic symptoms after 3D video viewing at different distances.