| Summary: | We elucidated the mechanisms of action of two n-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in Jurkat T-cells. Both DHA and EPA were principally incorporated into phospholipids in the following order: phosphatidylcholine < phosphatidylethanolamine < phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylserine. Furthermore, two isoforms of phospholipase A2 (i.e., calcium-dependent and calcium-independent) were implicated in the release of DHA and EPA, respectively, during activation of these cells. The two fatty acids inhibited the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced plasma membrane translocation of protein kinase C (PKC)-α and -ε. The two n-3 PUFAs also inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and the transcription of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene in PMA-activated Jurkat T-cells.Together, these results demonstrate that DHA and EPA, being released by two isoforms of phospholipase A2, modulate IL-2 gene expression by exerting their action on two PKC isoforms and NF-κB in Jurkat T-cells.
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