| Summary: | Robel Hussen Kabthymer, 1 Terefe Yacob, 2 Girma Tenkolu 1 1School of Public Health, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia; 2Hulla Primary Hospital, Hulla, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Robel Hussen KabthymerDilla University, P.O. Box - 419, Dilla, EthiopiaTel +251913575702 Email robelhussen@rocketmail.comPurpose: To assess the determinants of nutritional edema among under-five children with severe acute malnutrition admitted in health facilities at Gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia, 2018.Patients and Methods: Institution-based unmatched case–control study was conducted on 291 (97 cases and 194 controls) children. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 24. Descriptive analysis was done using the frequency tables and graphs. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent determinants of edematous malnutrition, and P-value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that edematous malnutrition was associated with antenatal care (ANC) utilization during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.05, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02– 0.13). Childhood diarrhea within the previous two weeks before admission to health facility increases the odds of developing edema by 2.8 times as compared to those who did not develop diarrhea (AOR: 2.83, 95% CI, 1.21– 6.65).Conclusion: The findings of this study have confirmed that ANC during pregnancy and having childhood diarrhea within the previous two weeks before admission to health facility were associated with edematous malnutrition. To prevent edematous malnutrition, mothers are encouraged to attend ANC during pregnancy, and to prevent childhood diarrhea, community awareness needs to be strengthened by giving participatory sanitation and hygiene activity.Keywords: severe acute malnutrition, edematous malnutrition, under-five children, Ethiopia
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