| Summary: | Various conceptual approaches to Russian Federation scientific sphere reforming and its adaptation to market conditions are analyzed on the basis of previously unpublished archival documents, statistical data and other materials; they assess the reaction of the academic community and the heads of large enterprises to the activities carried out by the government in the framework of developed program implementation. The conclusion is drawn that the results of the policy carried out during 1990s in Russian science are catastrophic ones in general. The country developed a fundamental contradiction between the purpose of science and the practical use of its achievements to overcome the crisis. The projects and recommendations of leading scientists were ignored. The programs were declarative ones, funding was reduced sharply, which led to the intensification of the "brain drain" process, the disintegration of scientific schools, and the degradation of production.
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