Evidence that erythropoietin modulates neuroinflammation through differential action on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia

Neuroinflammation is a normal and healthy response to neuronal damage. However, excessive or chronic neuroinflammation exacerbates neurodegeneration after trauma and in progressive diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Therefore, molecules that mo...

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Main Authors: Wesley S Bond, Tonia S Rex
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-10-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00523/full
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spelling doaj-f3eb6844d30041088e8e769de18667ef2020-11-24T22:41:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242014-10-01510.3389/fimmu.2014.00523112627Evidence that erythropoietin modulates neuroinflammation through differential action on neurons, astrocytes, and microgliaWesley S Bond0Tonia S Rex1Vanderbilt UniversityVanderbilt UniversityNeuroinflammation is a normal and healthy response to neuronal damage. However, excessive or chronic neuroinflammation exacerbates neurodegeneration after trauma and in progressive diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Therefore, molecules that modulate neuroinflammation are candidates as neuroprotective agents. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a known neuroprotective agent that indirectly attenuates neuroinflammation, in part, by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. In this review, we provide evidence that EPO also modulates neuroinflammation upstream of apoptosis by acting directly on glia. Further, the signaling induced by EPO may differ depending on cell type and context possibly as a result of activation of different receptors. While significant progress has been made in our understanding of EPO signaling, this review also identifies areas for future study in terms of the role of EPO in modulating neuroinflammation.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00523/fullAstrocytesErythropoietinMicrogliaNeuroinflammationSignaling Pathways
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Wesley S Bond
Tonia S Rex
spellingShingle Wesley S Bond
Tonia S Rex
Evidence that erythropoietin modulates neuroinflammation through differential action on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia
Frontiers in Immunology
Astrocytes
Erythropoietin
Microglia
Neuroinflammation
Signaling Pathways
author_facet Wesley S Bond
Tonia S Rex
author_sort Wesley S Bond
title Evidence that erythropoietin modulates neuroinflammation through differential action on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia
title_short Evidence that erythropoietin modulates neuroinflammation through differential action on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia
title_full Evidence that erythropoietin modulates neuroinflammation through differential action on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia
title_fullStr Evidence that erythropoietin modulates neuroinflammation through differential action on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia
title_full_unstemmed Evidence that erythropoietin modulates neuroinflammation through differential action on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia
title_sort evidence that erythropoietin modulates neuroinflammation through differential action on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Immunology
issn 1664-3224
publishDate 2014-10-01
description Neuroinflammation is a normal and healthy response to neuronal damage. However, excessive or chronic neuroinflammation exacerbates neurodegeneration after trauma and in progressive diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Therefore, molecules that modulate neuroinflammation are candidates as neuroprotective agents. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a known neuroprotective agent that indirectly attenuates neuroinflammation, in part, by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. In this review, we provide evidence that EPO also modulates neuroinflammation upstream of apoptosis by acting directly on glia. Further, the signaling induced by EPO may differ depending on cell type and context possibly as a result of activation of different receptors. While significant progress has been made in our understanding of EPO signaling, this review also identifies areas for future study in terms of the role of EPO in modulating neuroinflammation.
topic Astrocytes
Erythropoietin
Microglia
Neuroinflammation
Signaling Pathways
url http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00523/full
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AT toniasrex evidencethaterythropoietinmodulatesneuroinflammationthroughdifferentialactiononneuronsastrocytesandmicroglia
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