Evidence that erythropoietin modulates neuroinflammation through differential action on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia
Neuroinflammation is a normal and healthy response to neuronal damage. However, excessive or chronic neuroinflammation exacerbates neurodegeneration after trauma and in progressive diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Therefore, molecules that mo...
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doaj-f3eb6844d30041088e8e769de18667ef2020-11-24T22:41:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242014-10-01510.3389/fimmu.2014.00523112627Evidence that erythropoietin modulates neuroinflammation through differential action on neurons, astrocytes, and microgliaWesley S Bond0Tonia S Rex1Vanderbilt UniversityVanderbilt UniversityNeuroinflammation is a normal and healthy response to neuronal damage. However, excessive or chronic neuroinflammation exacerbates neurodegeneration after trauma and in progressive diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Therefore, molecules that modulate neuroinflammation are candidates as neuroprotective agents. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a known neuroprotective agent that indirectly attenuates neuroinflammation, in part, by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. In this review, we provide evidence that EPO also modulates neuroinflammation upstream of apoptosis by acting directly on glia. Further, the signaling induced by EPO may differ depending on cell type and context possibly as a result of activation of different receptors. While significant progress has been made in our understanding of EPO signaling, this review also identifies areas for future study in terms of the role of EPO in modulating neuroinflammation.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00523/fullAstrocytesErythropoietinMicrogliaNeuroinflammationSignaling Pathways |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Wesley S Bond Tonia S Rex |
spellingShingle |
Wesley S Bond Tonia S Rex Evidence that erythropoietin modulates neuroinflammation through differential action on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia Frontiers in Immunology Astrocytes Erythropoietin Microglia Neuroinflammation Signaling Pathways |
author_facet |
Wesley S Bond Tonia S Rex |
author_sort |
Wesley S Bond |
title |
Evidence that erythropoietin modulates neuroinflammation through differential action on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia |
title_short |
Evidence that erythropoietin modulates neuroinflammation through differential action on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia |
title_full |
Evidence that erythropoietin modulates neuroinflammation through differential action on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia |
title_fullStr |
Evidence that erythropoietin modulates neuroinflammation through differential action on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evidence that erythropoietin modulates neuroinflammation through differential action on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia |
title_sort |
evidence that erythropoietin modulates neuroinflammation through differential action on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Immunology |
issn |
1664-3224 |
publishDate |
2014-10-01 |
description |
Neuroinflammation is a normal and healthy response to neuronal damage. However, excessive or chronic neuroinflammation exacerbates neurodegeneration after trauma and in progressive diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Therefore, molecules that modulate neuroinflammation are candidates as neuroprotective agents. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a known neuroprotective agent that indirectly attenuates neuroinflammation, in part, by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. In this review, we provide evidence that EPO also modulates neuroinflammation upstream of apoptosis by acting directly on glia. Further, the signaling induced by EPO may differ depending on cell type and context possibly as a result of activation of different receptors. While significant progress has been made in our understanding of EPO signaling, this review also identifies areas for future study in terms of the role of EPO in modulating neuroinflammation. |
topic |
Astrocytes Erythropoietin Microglia Neuroinflammation Signaling Pathways |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00523/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT wesleysbond evidencethaterythropoietinmodulatesneuroinflammationthroughdifferentialactiononneuronsastrocytesandmicroglia AT toniasrex evidencethaterythropoietinmodulatesneuroinflammationthroughdifferentialactiononneuronsastrocytesandmicroglia |
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