| Summary: | Background. The right to replace military service with an alternative one in accordance
with religious beliefs is legally enshrined in the legislation of the Russian Federation.
The study of the formation and development of the military service history by citizens
in the first years of Soviet power is necessary for a full understanding of state-religious
relations in modern Russia and their further improvement. The purpose of this work is to
study the evolution of exemption from military service for religious convictions of Christian
sectarians in the first years of Soviet power in 1917–1924. Materials and methods.
The main documents for the study were the data of the Samara Regional State Archive of
Social and Political History, as well as published sources. The methodological basis of the
research was formed by general scientific and special historical research methods. The leading
approach in the work was the principle of the history of everyday life, based on the
paradigm of Michel de Certeau. The work also applies such a methodological approach as
a new social history, which makes it possible to identify the survival practices of sectarians
who, due to their religious beliefs, cannot take up arms and carry out military service;
a synergistic approach, meaning the interconnection of such subjects as sectarian religious
organizations and Soviet power. Results. The process of gradual liberation from military
service for religious convictions of sectarians of Christian confessions in Soviet Russia,
building partnerships between the authorities and sectarian organizations in the specified
chronological period is investigated. The practice of survival of sectarian religious organizations
in the conditions of ideological breakdown and restructuring of society towards the
ideals of Marxism is noted. Conclusions. An analysis of the peculiarities of the formation of
Soviet legislation in relation to military service by Christian sectarians makes it possible to
trace the construction of the entire line of state-confessional relations in Soviet society.
It consisted in the formation of a special course for rapprochement with sectarian organizations
and in an effort to form partnerships with them to strengthen the position of Soviet
power. This made it possible to strengthen the position of the new government and give
time for these religious organizations to adapt to the post-revolutionary realities of an atheist
society. Undoubtedly, the study of this problem contributes to the identification of new
aspects in the study of the problems of Soviet history.
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