| Summary: | <span>The article analyz</span><span>es the problems of studying the phenomenon of Soviet culture. Based on the method of structural analysis, Soviet culture is seen as an experience of cultural-historical transformation of Russian civilization. Provides an overview of existing historical and cultural approaches to the definition of typological traits of Soviet culture as a phenomenon of the totalitarian era, as a reflection of deep mental attitudes of the Russian society, as a unique historical experience of social and cultural engineering. Current estimates of Soviet culture are contradictory. On the one hand, researchers are focusing on the totalitarian model of culture, highlighting how the main typological features, its rigid ideological character and the lack of creative freedom. On the other hand, as the distance in time the researchers discover more and more of its unique features: it is the problem of overcoming two centuries of socio-cultural schism between the Russian elite and the people, and the high ideals of a given cultural level, relying on world classics and required extensive training and education of all segments of the population, this phenomenon of the Soviet elite and its social origin and mission. Analysis of attitudes and cultural practices of the Soviet period is of particular importance for modern Russia, in search of cultural identity.</span>
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