Effect of Nucleating Additives on Short- and Long-Term Tensile Strength and Residual Stresses of Welded Polypropylene Samples

• Main Authors: Andrea Wübbeke, Volker Schöppner, Theresa Arndt, Jan-Ole Maras, Marcus Fitze, Christian Moltzahn, Tao Wu, Thomas Niendorf
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-08-01
• Series: Polymers
• Subjects: short-term tensile strength; long-term tensile strength; residual stresses; polypropylene; nucleating agents; hot plate welding
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/17/2965

Additives such as nucleating agents are often used in the processing of plastic products not only for improving production efficiency but also for enhancing mechanical performance. In this work, the short- and long-term tensile strength, the morphology as well as the residual stresses of the welded polypropylene (PP) samples with different fillers (carbon black and special beta-nucleating agents) and different dimensionless joining paths are analyzed. Results obtained are then compared with those that are representative of the initial, filler-free samples. It is shown that, upon using the special beta-nucleating agent, superior long-term tensile strength can be achieved compared to the samples without additives or with carbon black agent (e.g., for the dimensionless joining path of 0.95, the long-term tensile strength of a PP nature sample is characterized by around 400 MPa, whereas by adding beta-nucleating agent 1% the value can be increased by 400% to reach around 2050 MPa). However, adding beta-nucleating agent 1% yields inferior short-term tensile strength. The hole drilling method (HDM) is used for the analysis of residual stresses. It is found that the residual stresses in the weld seam are characterized by low values of the tensile stresses. The residual stresses in the weld seam also can be converted from tensile into compressive stresses by adding the beta nucleating agent. However, this has the disadvantage that with a higher proportion by weight of the beta nucleating agent, the short-term tensile strength of the welded joint becomes lower than that of the other tested bonds.