Quantitative Assessment of Arthritis Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Using [¹¹C]DPA-713 Positron Emission Tomography

• Main Authors: Maqsood Yaqub, Nicki J.F. Verweij, Simone Pieplenbosch, Ronald Boellaard, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, Conny J. van der Laken
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-04-01
• Series: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
• Subjects: PET; quantification; simplified methods; pharmacokinetics; rheumatoid arthritis
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/9/3137
• ISSN: 1661-6596; 1422-0067

Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) should be started as early as possible to prevent destruction of bone and cartilage in affected joints. A new diagnostic tool for both early diagnosis and therapy monitoring would be valuable to reduce permanent joint damage. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of macrophages is a previously demonstrated non-invasive means to visualize (sub)clinical arthritis in RA patients. We developed a kinetic model to quantify uptake of the macrophage tracer [¹¹C]DPA-713 (<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diethyl-2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]acetamide) in arthritic joints of RA patients and to assess the performance of several simplified methods. Dynamic [¹¹C]DPA-713 scans of 60 min with both arterial and venous blood sampling were performed in five patients with clinically active disease. [¹¹C]DPA-713 showed enhanced uptake in affected joints of RA patients, with tracer uptake levels corresponding to clinical presence and severity of arthritis. The optimal quantitative model for assessment of [¹¹C]DPA-713 uptake was the irreversible two tissue compartment model (2T3k). Both K_i and standardized uptake value (SUV) correlated with the presence of arthritis in RA patients. Using SUV as an outcome measure allows for a simplified static imaging protocol that can be used in larger cohorts.