From “grandeur” to “sécurité” and “a Special Relationship”: The Shift in the French-German Relations in a Historical Perspective

• Main Author: Péter Krisztián Zachar
• Format: Article
• Language: deu
• Published: Univerzita Karlova, Filozofická fakulta 2018-12-01
• Series: Prague Papers on the History of International Relations
• Subjects: Élysée Treaty; Franco-German relations; history of diplomacy; Gustav Stresemann; Aristide Briand; Charles de Gaulle; Konrad Adenauer; European integration
• Online Access: https://praguepapers.ff.cuni.cz/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2018/12/Peter_Krisztian_Zachar_112-135.pdf

On the occasion of the 55th anniversary of the Élysée Treaty this study deals with the historical development of Franco-German relations in the 20th century. The focus is on the historical models of rapprochement between the two nations. The author presents in detail the possibilities for cooperation in the interwar years (with a special focus on civil integration). This period may be considered one of the most intensive periods of the French-German reconciliation. Bases that the parties could build on after 1945 were founded as the ideas were similar. Following the successes of the large-scale policy, numerous other very important steps were needed to minimise mutual mistrust in the peoples of the two states. This led to a large number of various organisations and cooperations. The patterns presented here greatly influenced communication after 1945. In the second part of the study the author presents the origin and effect of the Élysée Treaty with some new aspects of the history of diplomacy. Of the numerous new initiatives, the author focuses primarily on civil ones. The great innovation brought about by the treaty, however, was the strong involvement of the civil societies of both countries, particularly in education, research, culture and youth exchanges. As a result of historical cooperation “Erbfeinde” (hereditary enemies) have become “Erbfreunde” (hereditary friends) within the European integration.