Holistic 1D Electro-Thermal Model Coupled to 3D Thermal Model for Hybrid Passive Cooling System Analysis in Electric Vehicles

Thermal management is the most vital element of electric vehicles (EV) to control the maximum temperature of module/pack for safety reasons. This paper presents a novel passive thermal management system (TMS) composed of a heat sink (HS) and phase change materials (PCM) for lithium-ion capacitor (Li...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Danial Karimi, Hamidreza Behi, Mohsen Akbarzadeh, Joeri Van Mierlo, Maitane Berecibar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-09-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/18/5924
id doaj-ee6ce8bc020e4c4a9434dad91cc95493
record_format Article
spelling doaj-ee6ce8bc020e4c4a9434dad91cc954932021-09-26T00:05:55ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-09-01145924592410.3390/en14185924Holistic 1D Electro-Thermal Model Coupled to 3D Thermal Model for Hybrid Passive Cooling System Analysis in Electric VehiclesDanial Karimi0Hamidreza Behi1Mohsen Akbarzadeh2Joeri Van Mierlo3Maitane Berecibar4Research Group MOBI—Mobility, Logistics, and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, BelgiumResearch Group MOBI—Mobility, Logistics, and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, BelgiumResearch Group MOBI—Mobility, Logistics, and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, BelgiumResearch Group MOBI—Mobility, Logistics, and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, BelgiumResearch Group MOBI—Mobility, Logistics, and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, BelgiumThermal management is the most vital element of electric vehicles (EV) to control the maximum temperature of module/pack for safety reasons. This paper presents a novel passive thermal management system (TMS) composed of a heat sink (HS) and phase change materials (PCM) for lithium-ion capacitor (LiC) technology under the premise that the cell is cycled with a continuous 150 A fast charge/discharge current rate. The experiments are validated against numerical analysis through a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. For this purpose, a comprehensive electro-thermal model based on an equivalent circuit model (ECM) is designed. The designed electro-thermal model combines the ECM model with the thermal model since the performance of the LiC cell highly depends on the temperature. Then, the robustness of the model is evaluated using a precise second-order ECM. The extracted parameters of the electro-thermal model are verified by the experimental results in which the voltage and temperature errors are less than ±5% and ±4%, respectively. Finally, the thermal performance of the HS-assisted PCM TMS is studied under the fast charge/discharge current rate. The 3D CFD results exhibit that the temperature of the LiC when using the PCM-HS as the cooling system was reduced by 38.3% (34.1 °C) compared to the natural convection case study (55.3 °C).https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/18/5924electro-thermal modelthermal management systemphase change materialheat sinkelectric vehicles
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Danial Karimi
Hamidreza Behi
Mohsen Akbarzadeh
Joeri Van Mierlo
Maitane Berecibar
spellingShingle Danial Karimi
Hamidreza Behi
Mohsen Akbarzadeh
Joeri Van Mierlo
Maitane Berecibar
Holistic 1D Electro-Thermal Model Coupled to 3D Thermal Model for Hybrid Passive Cooling System Analysis in Electric Vehicles
Energies
electro-thermal model
thermal management system
phase change material
heat sink
electric vehicles
author_facet Danial Karimi
Hamidreza Behi
Mohsen Akbarzadeh
Joeri Van Mierlo
Maitane Berecibar
author_sort Danial Karimi
title Holistic 1D Electro-Thermal Model Coupled to 3D Thermal Model for Hybrid Passive Cooling System Analysis in Electric Vehicles
title_short Holistic 1D Electro-Thermal Model Coupled to 3D Thermal Model for Hybrid Passive Cooling System Analysis in Electric Vehicles
title_full Holistic 1D Electro-Thermal Model Coupled to 3D Thermal Model for Hybrid Passive Cooling System Analysis in Electric Vehicles
title_fullStr Holistic 1D Electro-Thermal Model Coupled to 3D Thermal Model for Hybrid Passive Cooling System Analysis in Electric Vehicles
title_full_unstemmed Holistic 1D Electro-Thermal Model Coupled to 3D Thermal Model for Hybrid Passive Cooling System Analysis in Electric Vehicles
title_sort holistic 1d electro-thermal model coupled to 3d thermal model for hybrid passive cooling system analysis in electric vehicles
publisher MDPI AG
series Energies
issn 1996-1073
publishDate 2021-09-01
description Thermal management is the most vital element of electric vehicles (EV) to control the maximum temperature of module/pack for safety reasons. This paper presents a novel passive thermal management system (TMS) composed of a heat sink (HS) and phase change materials (PCM) for lithium-ion capacitor (LiC) technology under the premise that the cell is cycled with a continuous 150 A fast charge/discharge current rate. The experiments are validated against numerical analysis through a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. For this purpose, a comprehensive electro-thermal model based on an equivalent circuit model (ECM) is designed. The designed electro-thermal model combines the ECM model with the thermal model since the performance of the LiC cell highly depends on the temperature. Then, the robustness of the model is evaluated using a precise second-order ECM. The extracted parameters of the electro-thermal model are verified by the experimental results in which the voltage and temperature errors are less than ±5% and ±4%, respectively. Finally, the thermal performance of the HS-assisted PCM TMS is studied under the fast charge/discharge current rate. The 3D CFD results exhibit that the temperature of the LiC when using the PCM-HS as the cooling system was reduced by 38.3% (34.1 °C) compared to the natural convection case study (55.3 °C).
topic electro-thermal model
thermal management system
phase change material
heat sink
electric vehicles
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/18/5924
work_keys_str_mv AT danialkarimi holistic1delectrothermalmodelcoupledto3dthermalmodelforhybridpassivecoolingsystemanalysisinelectricvehicles
AT hamidrezabehi holistic1delectrothermalmodelcoupledto3dthermalmodelforhybridpassivecoolingsystemanalysisinelectricvehicles
AT mohsenakbarzadeh holistic1delectrothermalmodelcoupledto3dthermalmodelforhybridpassivecoolingsystemanalysisinelectricvehicles
AT joerivanmierlo holistic1delectrothermalmodelcoupledto3dthermalmodelforhybridpassivecoolingsystemanalysisinelectricvehicles
AT maitaneberecibar holistic1delectrothermalmodelcoupledto3dthermalmodelforhybridpassivecoolingsystemanalysisinelectricvehicles
_version_ 1717367077106352128