Accuracy, time cost and terrain independence comparisons of levelling techniques

Accuracy, time cost and terrain independence comparisons of levelling techniques

Levelling techniques is classified as geometric levelling, trigonometric levelling and GPS/Levelling depending on used instruments or the methods applied. Accuracies of geometric levelling with using three equipments (Leica NA-720 optical level, Topcon RL-VH4G2 laser level and Leica NA-3003 digital...

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Main Author: Khalid L. A. El-Ashmawy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Vilnius Gediminas Technical University 2014-09-01
Series:Geodesy and Cartography
Subjects:
levelling
digital level
laser level
GPS
accuracy
Online Access:https://journals.vgtu.lt/index.php/GAC/article/view/3219
id doaj-ed2657a82fca43d79471dddcd790056f
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spelling doaj-ed2657a82fca43d79471dddcd790056f2021-07-02T12:06:34ZengVilnius Gediminas Technical UniversityGeodesy and Cartography2029-69912029-70092014-09-0140310.3846/20296991.2014.962727Accuracy, time cost and terrain independence comparisons of levelling techniquesKhalid L. A. El-Ashmawy0Department of Civil Engineering, Al-Matria Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University Matria, 11718 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia Levelling techniques is classified as geometric levelling, trigonometric levelling and GPS/Levelling depending on used instruments or the methods applied. Accuracies of geometric levelling with using three equipments (Leica NA-720 optical level, Topcon RL-VH4G2 laser level and Leica NA-3003 digital level), the trigonometric levelling with using two equipments (Topcon GTS710 total station and Topcon Imaging Station) and GPS/levelling with using Sokkia GSR2600 receiver were investigated to determine their performances against precise levelling that yields the most precise results. For this purpose, measurements were taken at hundred points on the ground of a well-protected site. The comparison of the results was performed based on accuracy, time cost and terrain independence. The comparison shows that levelling using digital level produces the closets results to precise levelling results, the time cost of GPS/levelling was 74% and 41% less than geometric and trigonometric levelling respectively, and trigonometric and GPS/levelling are independent of the terrain surveyed. https://journals.vgtu.lt/index.php/GAC/article/view/3219levellingdigital levellaser levelGPSaccuracy
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Khalid L. A. El-Ashmawy
spellingShingle Khalid L. A. El-Ashmawy
Accuracy, time cost and terrain independence comparisons of levelling techniques
Geodesy and Cartography
levelling
digital level
laser level
GPS
accuracy
author_facet Khalid L. A. El-Ashmawy
author_sort Khalid L. A. El-Ashmawy
title Accuracy, time cost and terrain independence comparisons of levelling techniques
title_short Accuracy, time cost and terrain independence comparisons of levelling techniques
title_full Accuracy, time cost and terrain independence comparisons of levelling techniques
title_fullStr Accuracy, time cost and terrain independence comparisons of levelling techniques
title_full_unstemmed Accuracy, time cost and terrain independence comparisons of levelling techniques
title_sort accuracy, time cost and terrain independence comparisons of levelling techniques
publisher Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
series Geodesy and Cartography
issn 2029-6991
2029-7009
publishDate 2014-09-01
description Levelling techniques is classified as geometric levelling, trigonometric levelling and GPS/Levelling depending on used instruments or the methods applied. Accuracies of geometric levelling with using three equipments (Leica NA-720 optical level, Topcon RL-VH4G2 laser level and Leica NA-3003 digital level), the trigonometric levelling with using two equipments (Topcon GTS710 total station and Topcon Imaging Station) and GPS/levelling with using Sokkia GSR2600 receiver were investigated to determine their performances against precise levelling that yields the most precise results. For this purpose, measurements were taken at hundred points on the ground of a well-protected site. The comparison of the results was performed based on accuracy, time cost and terrain independence. The comparison shows that levelling using digital level produces the closets results to precise levelling results, the time cost of GPS/levelling was 74% and 41% less than geometric and trigonometric levelling respectively, and trigonometric and GPS/levelling are independent of the terrain surveyed.
topic levelling
digital level
laser level
GPS
accuracy
url https://journals.vgtu.lt/index.php/GAC/article/view/3219
work_keys_str_mv AT khalidlaelashmawy accuracytimecostandterrainindependencecomparisonsoflevellingtechniques
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