The history of Persian Artificial odes and presenting two artificial odes by two anonymous poets

• Main Author: Ali Reza Shabanlu
• Format: Article
• Language: fas
• Published: University of Isfahan 2016-05-01
• Series: Literary Arts
• Online Access: http://liar.ui.ac.ir/article_20560_758a93cebb07f33cc95518a2b5ef0f6e.pdf
• ISSN: 2008-8027; 2322-3448

AbstractMasnu' ode that mostly introduced prosody, rhyme andââââ literary figures is one of the ways of providing didactic literature.ââââ The studies of researchers so far have not given a precise definition of Masnu' ode and its variation and often called Vazniyye and also acrostic Ode. This paper defines Masnu' ode, separates its different types, investigate its history and two types of unknown and ancient samples of ode is introduced. The name of the first ode is Makhzan Al-sorur Va Majma' al- Bohurââââ that its' writer is Baha-al-din Savoji and the second one with the name of Rawzat Al- Sohur Va Dorrat Al- Bohur that its writer is Nasr- allah Araghi that both poets are belongs to the second half of the seventh century and first of the eight century.Introduction of scientific issues, including science education literature especially figures and tactics of poem through verse because of the ease of learning the issues has a long story in the Persian language. Verse intended to introduce literature sciences in different ways, such as Riyaz Al- sanaye' of Qutubshahi, which is composed by Olfati Savoji that discussions of prosody, rhyme, rhetoric and eloquence in the form of verse in the mode of couplet- poem in the meter of «ÙاعÙات٠مÙاعÙÙ Ùع ÙÙ» is defined and includes models and meter examples and meters in the form of Qet'e or quatrain that it would be introduced the same meter. In Arabic language also Ibn abd Rabbe in Aghd- al Farid prosody rules and samples and examples meter six hundred and forty- six verses in the form of poem, to be brought. Another way is that poems compose a poet and each verse have same meter and thus introduce meter in this way. In Persian language professor Minavi has introduced a verse in the same way. In Arabic language can be named Vazniyyehââââ which is composed by Safi-al-din Helli. The two methods which are mentioned before are just educational approach and except this order and organization of scientific discussions, there is no poetic device.ââââ But the third way is  the poem that is composed without definition of poem figure, prosody, rhyme rules and rhymeââââ or dragging out words and letters from redundant lines and make a poem by using of them that show one of the figure and literary techniques. This kind of ode which is named Masnu and Badi'iyye ode are includes three types.A- Acrostic ode: Is a kind of ode that is based on different part with different meter. Its' sentence is one ode and because each part is read separately, it brings the other ode with different meter. The word or words is kept in each hemistich and if have a look at the collocation, you may face a name, a poem or a prayer.B- Badieye ode: Each verse or two verse of it is contains at least a rhetorical and a verse is based on one figure and many or all the figure is bringing to verse. There is no verse without literary figures.C- Masnoa ode: This type combines the previous two. This ode from acrostic point of view is exactly the same as a first group; because within this ode, some poems with different meter and different rhyme come out, but it is look like the second type of ode if in any lines which is contains redundant or first letter of verses in the main ode, there is a literary figure. Those lines which is contains redundancy and acrostic, in addition to the above propertied, representing one of different the meter and بحÙر in the poem. As far as the writer examined, apparently there is no Masnu' ode in Arabic literature and whatever remain isââââ Badi'iyye or Vaniyye .in Persian poem the history of acrostic is more than the other ones. Radovani and Shams Gheis are two examples of this kind. Shams called it acrostic. Badi'iyye have more antiquity after acrostic. The oldest and known Badi'iyyeââââ is composed by Ganjei Ghavami, the poet of six century AD, with the name ofââââ Badaye' al- ashar fi Sanaye' Al â Ash'ar.Writing Badi'iyye, in Persian poem did not receive much attention. Momtaz- al- badaye which is written by Ali- ibn-e- nur andââââ Shams aldin Barda'i and Mohammad Ebrahim Sharbatradi which is related to king Hossein Safavi period, are much newer than Ghavami Ganjavi ode. Araghiat (No. 304, Sepahsalar library) is oldest source, which is explained about inventor of Masnoa ode and introduce Jmali Setamkesh as an inventor of Masnoa ode. Poet with the name of Jamali Setamkesh or Simkeshwas is not known yet. Nasr- Allah Araghi, the formularize Araghiat book and he introduce himself after Jamali Setamkesh and Baha- al din Savoji as writer of such ode. Therefore, Baha- al din claimant that before him just Fakhri composed such ode and Zolfaghar follow Fakhri. All in all, Nasr- allah Araghi and Baha- al dins' speech can be concluded that Fakhri Esfahani and Seyyed Zolfaghar Shervani were almost the same age, are as the first composer of Masno ode and Baha-al din and Nasr- allah are after them. After these people, the composer of Nozhat al-absar is the fifth and Shams Fakhri the sixth and Salman Savoji is the seventh composer of Masnuâ ode. After Salman, there are more poets that lived in the ninth and tenth centuries, composed this kind of ode. As example: Fasih- al din Mohammad Khavafi, Ibn Hesam Khosfi, Ahli Shirazi, Hafez Ali ben Noor, Teymur Hoseini. Dervish Mansur Sabzevari and Molana Saheb Balkhi answered to Salman's ode in the translation of Majales-al nefas. Moreover in the list of the Persian manuscripts some Masno ode from Hazegh Tabib Tabriz, Hasan the son of Abd- allah the son of ab- al momen Khui and Vaseli had been discussed.Introduction of Baha- al din Savojis' ode:Baha- al din Savoji is writer of Makhzan al- Sorrur and Majma-al Bohur in the meter ofââââ (مÙاعÙÙ ÙعÙات٠مÙاعÙÙ ÙعÙÙ), may be the same as the Fakhri Esfahani Masno ode and Seyyed Zolfaghar composed his ode on that measure. This ode has one hundreds and eight bits. From redundant ode, moreover ten bits in abstract, forty six bits extract with different meter that in each bits at least there is one Literary figures. Meter of this bit is totally different with the measure of other bits that with numeration of two extract meters from twoââââ Qet'e from Toshih in the first place of each bit, totally includes forty eight meters. It seems two bits lower than whatever poet said. In order to receive to number of forty eight we have two different ways: the first one is that read one bit with three differentââââ meter or the other way is that two bits in each of them two meter should be read. Because of incomplete abstract may be had been extracted more bits from those redundant ode and there is no available in handwritten version.Nasr- allah Araghis' ode is written in the measure of (مÙاعÙÙ ÙعÙات٠مÙاعÙÙ ÙعÙاÙ/ Ùع ÙاÙ) and in the term of meter and rhyme is totally different from Baha- al dins' ode and it is more close to Seyyed Zolfaghars' ode. This ode has one hundred twenty main bits that totally fifty two bits extracted from redundant and in first part of hemistich. Nasr- allah in this ode used forty three meters. But he believed that there are forty six meter if you read some of the bits in two different measures.ââââ References 1.      Ahli Shirazi (1344). Poetical works. Hamed rabbani (ed.), Tehran: Sanayi.2.      Baha aldin Savoji (1390). Poetical works. 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