Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Mating Systems in a Mass-Reared Black Soldier Fly Colony

The black soldier fly (BSF), <i>Hermetia illucens</i>, is a promising candidate for the emerging insect farming industry with favourable characteristics for both bioremediation and production of animal delivered nutritive and industrial compounds. The genetic management of commercial col...

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Main Authors: Lelanie Hoffmann, Kelvin L. Hull, Anandi Bierman, Rozane Badenhorst, Aletta E. Bester-van der Merwe, Clint Rhode
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-05-01
Series:Insects
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/6/480
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spelling doaj-ec5bb882cc174b5193876550028f7d3d2021-06-01T00:43:51ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502021-05-011248048010.3390/insects12060480Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Mating Systems in a Mass-Reared Black Soldier Fly ColonyLelanie Hoffmann0Kelvin L. Hull1Anandi Bierman2Rozane Badenhorst3Aletta E. Bester-van der Merwe4Clint Rhode5Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South AfricaDepartment of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South AfricaInsect Technology Group Holdings UK Ltd., 1 Farnham Road, Guildford GU2 4RG, UKInsect Technology Group Holdings UK Ltd., 1 Farnham Road, Guildford GU2 4RG, UKDepartment of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South AfricaDepartment of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South AfricaThe black soldier fly (BSF), <i>Hermetia illucens</i>, is a promising candidate for the emerging insect farming industry with favourable characteristics for both bioremediation and production of animal delivered nutritive and industrial compounds. The genetic management of commercial colonies will become increasingly important for the sustainability of the industry. However, <i>r</i>-selected life history traits of insects pose challenges to conventional animal husbandry and breeding approaches. In this study, the long-term genetic effects of mass-rearing were evaluated as well as mating systems in the species to establish factors that might influence genetic diversity, and by implication fitness and productivity in commercial colonies. Population genetic parameters, based on microsatellite markers, were estimated and compared amongst two temporal wild sampling populations and four generations (F28, F48, F52, and F62) of a mass-reared colony. Furthermore, genetic relationships amongst mate pairs were evaluated and parentage analysis was performed to determine the oc-currence of preferential mate choice and multiple paternity. The mass-reared colony showed a reduction in genetic diversity and evidence for inbreeding with significant successive generational genetic differentiation from the wild progenitor population. Population-level analysis also gave the first tentative evidence of positive assortative mating and genetic polyandry in BSF. The homoge-neity of the mass-reared colony seems to result from a dual action caused by small effective popu-lation size and increased homozygosity due to positive assortative mating. However, the high ge-netic diversity in the wild and a polyandrous mating system might suggest the possible restoration of diversity in mass-reared colonies through augmentation with the wild population.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/6/480assortative mating<i>Hermetia illucens</i>insect culturegenetic differentiationmicrosatellite markersmultiple paternity
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Lelanie Hoffmann
Kelvin L. Hull
Anandi Bierman
Rozane Badenhorst
Aletta E. Bester-van der Merwe
Clint Rhode
spellingShingle Lelanie Hoffmann
Kelvin L. Hull
Anandi Bierman
Rozane Badenhorst
Aletta E. Bester-van der Merwe
Clint Rhode
Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Mating Systems in a Mass-Reared Black Soldier Fly Colony
Insects
assortative mating
<i>Hermetia illucens</i>
insect culture
genetic differentiation
microsatellite markers
multiple paternity
author_facet Lelanie Hoffmann
Kelvin L. Hull
Anandi Bierman
Rozane Badenhorst
Aletta E. Bester-van der Merwe
Clint Rhode
author_sort Lelanie Hoffmann
title Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Mating Systems in a Mass-Reared Black Soldier Fly Colony
title_short Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Mating Systems in a Mass-Reared Black Soldier Fly Colony
title_full Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Mating Systems in a Mass-Reared Black Soldier Fly Colony
title_fullStr Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Mating Systems in a Mass-Reared Black Soldier Fly Colony
title_full_unstemmed Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Mating Systems in a Mass-Reared Black Soldier Fly Colony
title_sort patterns of genetic diversity and mating systems in a mass-reared black soldier fly colony
publisher MDPI AG
series Insects
issn 2075-4450
publishDate 2021-05-01
description The black soldier fly (BSF), <i>Hermetia illucens</i>, is a promising candidate for the emerging insect farming industry with favourable characteristics for both bioremediation and production of animal delivered nutritive and industrial compounds. The genetic management of commercial colonies will become increasingly important for the sustainability of the industry. However, <i>r</i>-selected life history traits of insects pose challenges to conventional animal husbandry and breeding approaches. In this study, the long-term genetic effects of mass-rearing were evaluated as well as mating systems in the species to establish factors that might influence genetic diversity, and by implication fitness and productivity in commercial colonies. Population genetic parameters, based on microsatellite markers, were estimated and compared amongst two temporal wild sampling populations and four generations (F28, F48, F52, and F62) of a mass-reared colony. Furthermore, genetic relationships amongst mate pairs were evaluated and parentage analysis was performed to determine the oc-currence of preferential mate choice and multiple paternity. The mass-reared colony showed a reduction in genetic diversity and evidence for inbreeding with significant successive generational genetic differentiation from the wild progenitor population. Population-level analysis also gave the first tentative evidence of positive assortative mating and genetic polyandry in BSF. The homoge-neity of the mass-reared colony seems to result from a dual action caused by small effective popu-lation size and increased homozygosity due to positive assortative mating. However, the high ge-netic diversity in the wild and a polyandrous mating system might suggest the possible restoration of diversity in mass-reared colonies through augmentation with the wild population.
topic assortative mating
<i>Hermetia illucens</i>
insect culture
genetic differentiation
microsatellite markers
multiple paternity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/6/480
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