Efecto del uso del suelo sobre hongos solubilizadores de fosfato y bacterias diazotróficas en el páramo de Guerrero (Cundinamarca)

• Main Authors: Moratto Claudia, Martínez Luis Joel, Valencia Hernando, Sánchez Jimena
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Centro Editorial of Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia 2005-12-01
• Series: Agronomía Colombiana
• Online Access: http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/agrocol/article/view/19975

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 </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Se determinó el efecto del uso del suelo sobre las poblaciones de hongos solubilizadores de fosfato (HSF) y bacterias fijadoras biológicas de nitrógeno (BFN), aislando y caracterizando especies de estos grupos bajo cuatro condiciones de uso diferentes: cultivos de papa ‘Parda Pastusa’ (p), cultivo de papa ‘Pastusa Suprema’ (s), suelos cultivados con papa actualmente en descanso (d) y suelos de bosque (b). Se aislaron hongos en estado activo, mediante la técnica de lavado del suelo (14</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">géneros), micelios estériles, con clamidosporas y tipo basidiomycete. Se presentó baja incidencia de mucorales en suelos cultivados y en descanso, a excepción de <em>Mucor racemosus</em>. En (d) predominaron especies de los géneros <em>Circinella</em>, <em>Mucor </em>y <em>Zygorrhynchus</em>, evidenciándose la selección de hongos por efecto de uso del suelo. La determinación cuantitativa de la actividad solubilizadora evaluada en medio líquido, registró porcentajes altos en los hongos <em>Trichocladium canadense</em>, <em>Mucor sp1 </em>y <em>Penicillium sp2</em>, aislados de (d) y (b), los cuales solubilizaron más de 15% del fosfato. No hubo relación entre el fósforo solubilizado y la biomasa, pero sí entre éste y el pH. En las BFN se comprobó el efecto significativo de la condición de uso del suelo sobre los recuentos de sus poblaciones. Se identificaron cuatro morfotipos aislados de (d), dos de (p), tres de (s) y tres morfotipos de (b), correspondientes a especies de los géneros <em>Azospirillum</em>, <em>Beijerinckia</em>, <em>Pseudomonas </em>y <em>Derxia</em>. Se evidenció una respuesta sensible al uso del suelo por parte de los grupos funcionales estudiados.</span></p>