A critical review on the mechanisms of chemical additives used in grinding and their effects on the downstream processes

Grinding aids (GAs) have been an important advent in the comminution circuits. Over the last few decades, in order to address the high energy consumption and scarcity of potable water for mineral processing, chemical additives have become a promising alternative. Using GAs can have some advantages s...

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Main Authors: V. Chipakwe, P. Semsari, T. Karlkvist, J. Rosenkranz, S. Chehreh Chelgani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2020-07-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785420313508
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spelling doaj-eaf7e90dcb9845f198087df28fdbaf052020-11-25T03:00:25ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542020-07-019481488162A critical review on the mechanisms of chemical additives used in grinding and their effects on the downstream processesV. Chipakwe0P. Semsari1T. Karlkvist2J. Rosenkranz3S. Chehreh Chelgani4Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering, Dept. of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, SwedenMinerals and Metallurgical Engineering, Dept. of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, SwedenMinerals and Metallurgical Engineering, Dept. of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, SwedenMinerals and Metallurgical Engineering, Dept. of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, SwedenCorresponding author.; Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering, Dept. of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, SwedenGrinding aids (GAs) have been an important advent in the comminution circuits. Over the last few decades, in order to address the high energy consumption and scarcity of potable water for mineral processing, chemical additives have become a promising alternative. Using GAs can have some advantages such as enhancing grinding efficiency, reducing water usage, improving material flowability, and narrowing the particle size distribution of the grinding products. A study on the effect of GAs on size reduction units is crucial for the beneficiation value chain of minerals and the impact on downstream processes. However, our understanding of the effects of these materials on the particle size reduction is quite limited. This article analyses the literature, which used GAs and provides a comprehensive review of their applications in the ore beneficiation processes. The outcomes of this investigation indicated that the current understanding on the mechanism of GA effects focuses only on their impacts on the product fineness and size distribution, and neglecting the aspect of energy expended and physicochemical environment. The application of GAs is mainly for rationalisation of energy where the type of reagent, pH, and ionic strength of the grinding environment is important. Gaps in knowledge of GAs are discussed in the context of addressing their use in the mineral industry, considering the mechanism of their effect, effect on grinding efficiency, and effect on the downstream processes. Addressing these gaps will pave the way for the application of GAs in improving size reduction efficiencies, which ultimately reduces environmental impacts.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785420313508Grinding aidsDry grindingEnergy efficiencySize reductionFlowability
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author V. Chipakwe
P. Semsari
T. Karlkvist
J. Rosenkranz
S. Chehreh Chelgani
spellingShingle V. Chipakwe
P. Semsari
T. Karlkvist
J. Rosenkranz
S. Chehreh Chelgani
A critical review on the mechanisms of chemical additives used in grinding and their effects on the downstream processes
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Grinding aids
Dry grinding
Energy efficiency
Size reduction
Flowability
author_facet V. Chipakwe
P. Semsari
T. Karlkvist
J. Rosenkranz
S. Chehreh Chelgani
author_sort V. Chipakwe
title A critical review on the mechanisms of chemical additives used in grinding and their effects on the downstream processes
title_short A critical review on the mechanisms of chemical additives used in grinding and their effects on the downstream processes
title_full A critical review on the mechanisms of chemical additives used in grinding and their effects on the downstream processes
title_fullStr A critical review on the mechanisms of chemical additives used in grinding and their effects on the downstream processes
title_full_unstemmed A critical review on the mechanisms of chemical additives used in grinding and their effects on the downstream processes
title_sort critical review on the mechanisms of chemical additives used in grinding and their effects on the downstream processes
publisher Elsevier
series Journal of Materials Research and Technology
issn 2238-7854
publishDate 2020-07-01
description Grinding aids (GAs) have been an important advent in the comminution circuits. Over the last few decades, in order to address the high energy consumption and scarcity of potable water for mineral processing, chemical additives have become a promising alternative. Using GAs can have some advantages such as enhancing grinding efficiency, reducing water usage, improving material flowability, and narrowing the particle size distribution of the grinding products. A study on the effect of GAs on size reduction units is crucial for the beneficiation value chain of minerals and the impact on downstream processes. However, our understanding of the effects of these materials on the particle size reduction is quite limited. This article analyses the literature, which used GAs and provides a comprehensive review of their applications in the ore beneficiation processes. The outcomes of this investigation indicated that the current understanding on the mechanism of GA effects focuses only on their impacts on the product fineness and size distribution, and neglecting the aspect of energy expended and physicochemical environment. The application of GAs is mainly for rationalisation of energy where the type of reagent, pH, and ionic strength of the grinding environment is important. Gaps in knowledge of GAs are discussed in the context of addressing their use in the mineral industry, considering the mechanism of their effect, effect on grinding efficiency, and effect on the downstream processes. Addressing these gaps will pave the way for the application of GAs in improving size reduction efficiencies, which ultimately reduces environmental impacts.
topic Grinding aids
Dry grinding
Energy efficiency
Size reduction
Flowability
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785420313508
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