A Unique Acylated Flavonol Glycoside from <i>Prunus persica</i> (L.) var. Florida Prince: A New Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Cosmeceutical Formulation for Skincare

• Main Authors: Eman S. Mostafa, Ahmed Maher, Dalia A. Mostafa, Sameh S. Gad, Mahmoud A.M. Nawwar, Noha Swilam
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-03-01
• Series: Antioxidants
• Subjects: kaempferol 3<i>-O</i>-<i>β</i>-<i>⁴C₁</i>-(6″-<i>O</i>-3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetyl glucopyranoside) by-products; solid lipid nanoparticles; antioxidant; in-vitro skin related enzymes; in-vivo anti-wrinkle
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/3/436

Polyphenols are known dietary antioxidants. They have recently attracted considerable interest in uses to prevent skin aging and hyperpigmentation resulting from solar UV-irradiation. <i>Prunus persica</i> (L.) leaves are considered by-products and were reported to have a remarkable antioxidant activity due to their high content of polyphenols. This study aimed at the development of a cosmeceutical anti-aging and skin whitening cream preparation using ethanol leaves extract of <i>Prunus persica</i> (L.) (PPEE) loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to enhance the skin delivery. Chemical investigation of PPEE showed significantly high total phenolic and flavonoids content with notable antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, and <i>β</i>-carotene assays). A unique acylated kaempferol glycoside with a rare structure, kaempferol 3<i>-O-β</i>-<i>⁴C₁</i>-(6″-<i>O</i>-3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetyl glucopyranoside) (KDPAG) was isolated for the first time and its structure fully elucidated. It represents the first example of acylation with 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid in flavonoid chemistry. The in-vitro cytotoxicity studies against a human keratinocytes cell line revealed the non-toxicity of PPEE and PPEE-SLNs. Moreover, PPEE, PPEE-SLNs, and KDPAG showed good anti-elastase activity, comparable to that of <i>N</i>-(Methoxysuccinyl)-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-chloromethyl ketone. Besides, PPEE-SLNs and KDPAG showed significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) higher anti-collagenase and anti-tyrosinase activities in comparison to EDTA and kojic acid, respectively. Different PPEE-SLNs cream formulae (2% and 5%) were evaluated for possible anti-wrinkle activity against UV-induced photoaging in a mouse model using a wrinkle scoring method and were shown to offer a highly significant protective effect against UV, as evidenced by tissue biomarkers (SOD) and histopathological studies. Thus, the current study demonstrates that <i>Prunus persica</i> leaf by-products provide an interesting, valuable resource for natural cosmetic ingredients. This provides related data for further studying the potential safe use of PPEE-SLNs in topical anti-aging cosmetic formulations with enhanced skin permeation properties.