CD4+FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cell Subsets in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection

The role of CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been an area of intensive investigation and remains a matter of ardent debate. Investigation and interpretation suffered from uncertainties concerning Treg quantification. Firstly, Treg quantificatio...

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Main Authors: Federico eSimonetta, Christine eBourgeois
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2013-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
HIV
Online Access:http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00215/full
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spelling doaj-ea96f24bf2644b739368f3fc4eba17c42020-11-25T01:07:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242013-07-01410.3389/fimmu.2013.0021556379CD4+FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cell Subsets in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) InfectionFederico eSimonetta0Federico eSimonetta1Federico eSimonetta2Christine eBourgeois3Christine eBourgeois4Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleUniversité Paris SUDGeneva University HospitalsInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleUniversité Paris SUDThe role of CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been an area of intensive investigation and remains a matter of ardent debate. Investigation and interpretation suffered from uncertainties concerning Treg quantification. Firstly, Treg quantification and function in HIV infection remain controversial in part because of the lack of homogeneous and reliable specific markers to identify human Tregs. Secondly, analyzing Treg percentages or absolute numbers led to apparent discrepancies that are now solved: it is now commonly accepted that Treg are targets of HIV infection, but are preferentially preserved compared to conventional CD4 T cells. Moreover, additional uncertainties rely on the duality of immune defects associated to HIV infection, i.e. low grade chronic inflammation and defects in HIV specific responses, which led to consider beneficial and detrimental impact of Treg to the control of HIV infection by suppressing chronic inflammation or HIV specific responses respectively. Indeed both effects of Treg suppression have been described in HIV infection. The discovery in recent years of the existence of phenotypically and functionally distinct human CD4+FOXP3+ Treg subsets may provide a unique opportunity to reconcile contrasting results. It is tempting to speculate that different Treg subsets exert these different suppressive effects. This review summarizes available data concerning Treg fate during HIV infection when considering Treg globally or as subsets. We discuss how the identification of naïve and effector Treg subsets modulates our understanding of Treg biology during HIV infection and the potential impact of HIV infection on mechanisms governing peripheral differentiation of adaptive Tregs.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00215/fullHIVImmune ToleranceFoxp3CD25Immune RegulationTreg
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Federico eSimonetta
Federico eSimonetta
Federico eSimonetta
Christine eBourgeois
Christine eBourgeois
spellingShingle Federico eSimonetta
Federico eSimonetta
Federico eSimonetta
Christine eBourgeois
Christine eBourgeois
CD4+FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cell Subsets in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
Frontiers in Immunology
HIV
Immune Tolerance
Foxp3
CD25
Immune Regulation
Treg
author_facet Federico eSimonetta
Federico eSimonetta
Federico eSimonetta
Christine eBourgeois
Christine eBourgeois
author_sort Federico eSimonetta
title CD4+FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cell Subsets in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
title_short CD4+FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cell Subsets in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
title_full CD4+FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cell Subsets in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
title_fullStr CD4+FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cell Subsets in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
title_full_unstemmed CD4+FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cell Subsets in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
title_sort cd4+foxp3+ regulatory t cell subsets in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Immunology
issn 1664-3224
publishDate 2013-07-01
description The role of CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been an area of intensive investigation and remains a matter of ardent debate. Investigation and interpretation suffered from uncertainties concerning Treg quantification. Firstly, Treg quantification and function in HIV infection remain controversial in part because of the lack of homogeneous and reliable specific markers to identify human Tregs. Secondly, analyzing Treg percentages or absolute numbers led to apparent discrepancies that are now solved: it is now commonly accepted that Treg are targets of HIV infection, but are preferentially preserved compared to conventional CD4 T cells. Moreover, additional uncertainties rely on the duality of immune defects associated to HIV infection, i.e. low grade chronic inflammation and defects in HIV specific responses, which led to consider beneficial and detrimental impact of Treg to the control of HIV infection by suppressing chronic inflammation or HIV specific responses respectively. Indeed both effects of Treg suppression have been described in HIV infection. The discovery in recent years of the existence of phenotypically and functionally distinct human CD4+FOXP3+ Treg subsets may provide a unique opportunity to reconcile contrasting results. It is tempting to speculate that different Treg subsets exert these different suppressive effects. This review summarizes available data concerning Treg fate during HIV infection when considering Treg globally or as subsets. We discuss how the identification of naïve and effector Treg subsets modulates our understanding of Treg biology during HIV infection and the potential impact of HIV infection on mechanisms governing peripheral differentiation of adaptive Tregs.
topic HIV
Immune Tolerance
Foxp3
CD25
Immune Regulation
Treg
url http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00215/full
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