Implementasi al-Wa‘d dalam Bisnis Syariah

• Main Author: Jaih Mubarok & Hasanudin
• Format: Article
• Language: Arabic
• Published: Faculty Sharia & Law 2014-09-01
• Series: Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah
• Online Access: http://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/ahkam/article/view/968

<p>Abstract: The Implementation of al-Wa’d in Syariah Business. Scholars are in disagreement with one another when it comes to their views on what Islamic law says about the legal requirements of meeting one’s obligations and how or whether protracting that obligation should be punished. Hanan bint Muhammad Husen Jistaniyah, says that iltizâm is the term for obligations that are statements involving will; luzûm is the term for obligations that come from syariah ruling. Wa’d, which forms part of a combination of mu‘âwadhât (tijârî) contracts, can be mulzimised in two ways. First, sides agree that contractual document must express explicitly that wa’d is binding, insofar as that obligation (ittifâqiyya) is fulfilled by both sides when, or on the condition that, it is able to be fulfilled. Second, the regulatory side makes and activates legislature saying that wa’d, which can be found in the combination of mu‘âwadhât (tijârî) contracts, is binding, so both sides are obliged to fulfill qânûniyya, when, or on the condition that, it is able to be fulfilled.</p><p>Keywords: Contract, Fatwa, Mulzim, Wa’d</p><p>Abstrak: Implementasi al-Wa‘d dalam Bisnis Syariah. Ulama berbeda pendapat tentang hukum memenuhi janji: dianjurkan (sunah/wajib dîniyya) dan wajib secara hukum (qadhâ’iyya). Menurut Hanan binti Muhammad Husen Jistaniyah, iltizâm adalah term kewajiban yang lahir karena pernyataan kehendak yang bersangkutan, sedangkan luzûm adalah term kewajiban yang lahir karena ketetapan syariah. Wa‘d yang merupakan bagian dari rangkaian akad mu‘âwadhât (tijârî) dapat di-mulzim-kan dengan dua cara. Pertama, pihak-pihak sepakat dan dinyatakan secara eksplisit dalam dokumen kontrak (akta) bahwa wa‘d yang dilakukan bersifat mengikat sehingga wajib dipenuhi oleh pihak-pihak (wajib ittifâqiyya) apabila sebab atau syaratnya telah terpenuhi; atau kedua, pihak regulator membuat dan memberlakukan peraturan perundang-undangan menyatakan bahwa wa‘d yang terdapat dalam rangkaian akad mu‘âwadhât dinyatakan sebagai wa‘d yang bersifat mengikat sehingga para pihak diwajibkan untuk memenuhinya (wajib qânûniyya), apabila sebab atau syaratnya telah terpenuhi.</p><p>Kata Kunci: Akad, Fatwa, Mulzim, Wa’d.</p><p>DOI: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v12i1.968">10.15408/ajis.v12i1.968</a></p>