| Summary: | Power generation in Brazil is one of the crucial issues in current public policies for sustainability. In addition to the large hydroelectric complexes in the country, generator of various environmental disorders, the management of territories in the Brazilian federation can be guided by production strategies of sustainable hydropower and of a low cost of construction and operation. Small Hydropower emerges as a potential energy solution since it can offer clean energy for a considerable part of the Brazilian population. The analysis of Small Hydropower in its interactions in various watersheds illuminates the political discussions over the underexplored hydropower potential in Brazil. Besides that, Rio de Janeiro is presented as a territory where some initiatives in this direction prove that the different scales and intergovernmental challenges for a decentralized and participatory management result in effective socio-environmental improvements in the country.
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