Serum Deprivation-Induced Human GM3 Synthase (hST3Gal V) Gene Expression Is Mediated by Runx2 in Human Osteoblastic MG-63 Cells

• Main Authors: Hyun-Kyoung Yoon, Ji-Won Lee, Kyoung-Sook Kim, Seo-Won Mun, Dong-Hyun Kim, Hyun-Jun Kim, Cheorl-Ho Kim, Young-Choon Lee
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2015-12-01
• Series: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
• Subjects: serum deprivation; human GM3 synthase (hST3Gal V); MG-63 cells; runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2); transcriptional regulation
• Online Access: http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/17/1/35

Serum deprivation (SD) is well known to induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various cells. In the present study, we firstly found that SD could induce G1 arrest and the differentiation of human osteoblastic MG-63 cells, as evidenced by the increase of osteoblastic differentiation markers, such as bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). In parallel, gene expression of human GM3 synthase (hST3Gal V) catalyzing ganglioside GM3 biosynthesis was upregulated by SD in MG-63 cells. The 5′-flanking region of the hST3Gal V gene was functionally characterized to elucidate transcriptional regulation of hST3Gal V in SD-induced MG-63 cells. Promoter analysis using 5′-deletion constructs of the hST3Gal V gene demonstrated that the −432 to −177 region functions as the SD-inducible promoter. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the Runx2 binding sites located side-by-side at positions −232 and −222 are essential for the SD-induced expression of hST3Gal V in MG-63 cells. In addition, the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay also showed that Runx2 specifically binds to the hST3Gal V promoter region containing Runx2 binding sites. These results suggest that SD triggers upregulation of hST3Gal V gene expression through Runx2 activation by BMP signaling in MG-63 cells.