Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilm Formation and Its Role in Disease Pathogenesis: A Review

• Main Authors: Gedefie A, Demsis W, Ashagrie M, Kassa Y, Tesfaye M, Tilahun M, Bisetegn H, Sahle Z
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dove Medical Press 2021-09-01
• Series: Infection and Drug Resistance
• Subjects: biofilm; acinetobacter; a.baumannii; pathogenesis; antibiotics resistance
• Online Access: https://www.dovepress.com/acinetobacter-baumannii-biofilm-formation-and-its-role-in-disease-path-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR

Alemu Gedefie,1 Wondmagegn Demsis,1 Melaku Ashagrie,1 Yeshimebet Kassa,1 Melkam Tesfaye,1 Mihret Tilahun,1 Habtye Bisetegn,1 Zenawork Sahle2 1Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Debre Birhan Health Science College, Debre Birhan, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Alemu Gedefie Email [e-mail]: Acinetobacter species, particularly Acinetobacter baumannii, is the first pathogen on the critical priority list of pathogens for novel antibiotics to become a “red-alert” human pathogen. Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging global antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria that most typically causes biofilm-associated infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia and catheter-related infection, both of which are resistant to antibiotic therapy. A. baumannii’s capacity to develop antibiotic resistance mechanisms allows the organism to thrive in hospital settings, facilitating the global spread of multidrug-resistant strains. Although Acinetobacter infections are quickly expanding throughout hospital environments around the world, the highest concentration of infections occurs in intensive care units (ICUs). Biofilms are populations of bacteria on biotic or abiotic surfaces that are encased in the extracellular matrix and play a crucial role in pathogenesis, making treatment options more difficult. Even though a variety of biological and environmental elements are involved in the production of A. baumannii biofilms, glucose is the most important component. Biofilm-mediated A. baumannii infections are the most common type of A. baumannii infection associated with medical equipment, and they are extremely difficult to treat. As a result, health care workers (HCWs) should focus on infection prevention and safety actions to avoid A. baumannii biofilm-related infections caused by medical devices, and they should be very selective when using treatments in combination with anti-biofilms. Therefore, this review discusses biofilm formation in A. baumannii, its role in disease pathogenesis, and its antimicrobial resistance mechanism.Keywords: biofilm, Acinetobacter, A. baumannii, pathogenesis, antibiotics resistance