Prevalence of diabetes and obesity in association with prematurity and growth restriction
Gretchen Kopec, Prem S Shekhawat, Maroun J Mhanna Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Centre, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA Abstract: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is when fetuses and newborn infants have not reached their true growth potent...
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doaj-e9358e0b38434abab4376627298b0ee32020-11-24T22:38:12ZengDove Medical PressDiabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity : Targets and Therapy1178-70072017-07-01Volume 1028529533635Prevalence of diabetes and obesity in association with prematurity and growth restrictionKopec GShekhawat PSMhanna MJGretchen Kopec, Prem S Shekhawat, Maroun J Mhanna Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Centre, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA Abstract: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is when fetuses and newborn infants have not reached their true growth potential as genetically defined. Fetuses with IUGR develop in a less than ideal environment that leads to epigenetic changes and marks infants’ metabolism for the rest of their lives. Epigenetic changes affect insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels and lead to insulin resistance and ultimately to a metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of illnesses that raise one’s risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and ischemic heart disease, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, central obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. The association between IUGR or prematurity and long-term insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome remains unclear. While studies have shown an association, others have not supported such association. If alteration of intrauterine growth can ultimately lead to the development of metabolic derangements in childhood and adulthood, and if such association is true, then early interventions targeting the health of pregnant women will ensure the health of the population to follow. Keywords: diabetes, obesity, low birth weight infants, metabolic syndromehttps://www.dovepress.com/prevalence-of-diabetes-and-obesity-in-association-with-prematurity-and-peer-reviewed-article-DMSODiabetesObesityLow Birth Weight InfantsMetabolic syndrome |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Kopec G Shekhawat PS Mhanna MJ |
spellingShingle |
Kopec G Shekhawat PS Mhanna MJ Prevalence of diabetes and obesity in association with prematurity and growth restriction Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity : Targets and Therapy Diabetes Obesity Low Birth Weight Infants Metabolic syndrome |
author_facet |
Kopec G Shekhawat PS Mhanna MJ |
author_sort |
Kopec G |
title |
Prevalence of diabetes and obesity in association with prematurity and growth restriction |
title_short |
Prevalence of diabetes and obesity in association with prematurity and growth restriction |
title_full |
Prevalence of diabetes and obesity in association with prematurity and growth restriction |
title_fullStr |
Prevalence of diabetes and obesity in association with prematurity and growth restriction |
title_full_unstemmed |
Prevalence of diabetes and obesity in association with prematurity and growth restriction |
title_sort |
prevalence of diabetes and obesity in association with prematurity and growth restriction |
publisher |
Dove Medical Press |
series |
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity : Targets and Therapy |
issn |
1178-7007 |
publishDate |
2017-07-01 |
description |
Gretchen Kopec, Prem S Shekhawat, Maroun J Mhanna Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Centre, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA Abstract: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is when fetuses and newborn infants have not reached their true growth potential as genetically defined. Fetuses with IUGR develop in a less than ideal environment that leads to epigenetic changes and marks infants’ metabolism for the rest of their lives. Epigenetic changes affect insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels and lead to insulin resistance and ultimately to a metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of illnesses that raise one’s risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and ischemic heart disease, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, central obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. The association between IUGR or prematurity and long-term insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome remains unclear. While studies have shown an association, others have not supported such association. If alteration of intrauterine growth can ultimately lead to the development of metabolic derangements in childhood and adulthood, and if such association is true, then early interventions targeting the health of pregnant women will ensure the health of the population to follow. Keywords: diabetes, obesity, low birth weight infants, metabolic syndrome |
topic |
Diabetes Obesity Low Birth Weight Infants Metabolic syndrome |
url |
https://www.dovepress.com/prevalence-of-diabetes-and-obesity-in-association-with-prematurity-and-peer-reviewed-article-DMSO |
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