Rice-Straw-Based Heat Generation System Compared to Open-Field Burning and Soil Incorporation of Rice Straw: An Assessment of Energy, GHG Emissions, and Economic Impacts

Rice<b> </b>is a staple food crop, and its production generates large volumes of agricultural waste, rice straw. Several studies have proven that open-field burning and soil incorporation are unsustainable practices of managing rice straw, but remain as prevalent methods of treating and...

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Main Authors:	Maria Victoria P. Migo-Sumagang, Monet Concepcion Maguyon-Detras, Martin Gummert, Catalino G. Alfafara, Myra G. Borines, Jewel A. Capunitan, Nguyen Van Hung
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2020-07-01
Series:	Sustainability
Subjects:	rice straw bioenergy furnace net energy balance Net GHG emissions Life Cycle Assessment
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/13/5327

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spelling	doaj-e8cf4d5919f64a3db1abce5d2e7863fa2020-11-25T03:33:00ZengMDPI AGSustainability2071-10502020-07-01125327532710.3390/su12135327Rice-Straw-Based Heat Generation System Compared to Open-Field Burning and Soil Incorporation of Rice Straw: An Assessment of Energy, GHG Emissions, and Economic ImpactsMaria Victoria P. Migo-Sumagang0Monet Concepcion Maguyon-Detras1Martin Gummert2Catalino G. Alfafara3Myra G. Borines4Jewel A. Capunitan5Nguyen Van Hung6International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Manila 1301, PhilippinesDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, PhilippinesInternational Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Manila 1301, PhilippinesDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, PhilippinesDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, PhilippinesDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, PhilippinesInternational Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Manila 1301, PhilippinesRice<b> </b>is a staple food crop, and its production generates large volumes of agricultural waste, rice straw. Several studies have proven that open-field burning and soil incorporation are unsustainable practices of managing rice straw, but remain as prevalent methods of treating and disposing of rice straw. An alternative solution is to harness the energy from rice straw via a small-scale heat conversion system for paddy drying applications, which can reduce rice grain post-processing costs and improve paddy storage conditions. This study investigated the energy flow, Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, and cost of a small-scale rice-straw-based heat generation (RBHG) system using a downdraft furnace and a dryer simulator setup. The highest input energy and GHG emissions of 92% and 68%, respectively, were from the heat generation stage. The RBHG energy ratio was between 1.4 and 1.7, and the percent net energy was between 39 and 67%. The best case of RBHG offers a possibility of a net GHG avoided (−61 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq Mg<sup>−1</sup>), while the worst case (856 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq Mg<sup>−1</sup>) has a net GHG emission comparable with soil incorporation. The average total cost of RBHG is 0.096 USD kWh<sup>−1</sup>. Overall, RBHG technology has the potential to improve energy flow, GHG emissions, and the cost of rice production systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/13/5327rice strawbioenergyfurnacenet energy balanceNet GHG emissionsLife Cycle Assessment
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Maria Victoria P. Migo-Sumagang Monet Concepcion Maguyon-Detras Martin Gummert Catalino G. Alfafara Myra G. Borines Jewel A. Capunitan Nguyen Van Hung
spellingShingle	Maria Victoria P. Migo-Sumagang Monet Concepcion Maguyon-Detras Martin Gummert Catalino G. Alfafara Myra G. Borines Jewel A. Capunitan Nguyen Van Hung Rice-Straw-Based Heat Generation System Compared to Open-Field Burning and Soil Incorporation of Rice Straw: An Assessment of Energy, GHG Emissions, and Economic Impacts Sustainability rice straw bioenergy furnace net energy balance Net GHG emissions Life Cycle Assessment
author_facet	Maria Victoria P. Migo-Sumagang Monet Concepcion Maguyon-Detras Martin Gummert Catalino G. Alfafara Myra G. Borines Jewel A. Capunitan Nguyen Van Hung
author_sort	Maria Victoria P. Migo-Sumagang
title	Rice-Straw-Based Heat Generation System Compared to Open-Field Burning and Soil Incorporation of Rice Straw: An Assessment of Energy, GHG Emissions, and Economic Impacts
title_short	Rice-Straw-Based Heat Generation System Compared to Open-Field Burning and Soil Incorporation of Rice Straw: An Assessment of Energy, GHG Emissions, and Economic Impacts
title_full	Rice-Straw-Based Heat Generation System Compared to Open-Field Burning and Soil Incorporation of Rice Straw: An Assessment of Energy, GHG Emissions, and Economic Impacts
title_fullStr	Rice-Straw-Based Heat Generation System Compared to Open-Field Burning and Soil Incorporation of Rice Straw: An Assessment of Energy, GHG Emissions, and Economic Impacts
title_full_unstemmed	Rice-Straw-Based Heat Generation System Compared to Open-Field Burning and Soil Incorporation of Rice Straw: An Assessment of Energy, GHG Emissions, and Economic Impacts
title_sort	rice-straw-based heat generation system compared to open-field burning and soil incorporation of rice straw: an assessment of energy, ghg emissions, and economic impacts
publisher	MDPI AG
series	Sustainability
issn	2071-1050
publishDate	2020-07-01
description	Rice<b> </b>is a staple food crop, and its production generates large volumes of agricultural waste, rice straw. Several studies have proven that open-field burning and soil incorporation are unsustainable practices of managing rice straw, but remain as prevalent methods of treating and disposing of rice straw. An alternative solution is to harness the energy from rice straw via a small-scale heat conversion system for paddy drying applications, which can reduce rice grain post-processing costs and improve paddy storage conditions. This study investigated the energy flow, Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, and cost of a small-scale rice-straw-based heat generation (RBHG) system using a downdraft furnace and a dryer simulator setup. The highest input energy and GHG emissions of 92% and 68%, respectively, were from the heat generation stage. The RBHG energy ratio was between 1.4 and 1.7, and the percent net energy was between 39 and 67%. The best case of RBHG offers a possibility of a net GHG avoided (−61 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq Mg<sup>−1</sup>), while the worst case (856 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq Mg<sup>−1</sup>) has a net GHG emission comparable with soil incorporation. The average total cost of RBHG is 0.096 USD kWh<sup>−1</sup>. Overall, RBHG technology has the potential to improve energy flow, GHG emissions, and the cost of rice production systems.
topic	rice straw bioenergy furnace net energy balance Net GHG emissions Life Cycle Assessment
url	https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/13/5327
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Rice-Straw-Based Heat Generation System Compared to Open-Field Burning and Soil Incorporation of Rice Straw: An Assessment of Energy, GHG Emissions, and Economic Impacts

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