Extraversion Moderates the Relationship Between the Stringency of COVID-19 Protective Measures and Depressive Symptoms
From the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, psychologists are theorizing that, as compared to introverts, extraverts experience more profound negative social consequences from protective measures (e.g., travel restrictions and bans on public gatherings). As the empirical evidence for this claim is lack...
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doaj-e85655ff0c2d4772a2e5ed39cd9862cb2020-11-25T03:39:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782020-10-011110.3389/fpsyg.2020.568907568907Extraversion Moderates the Relationship Between the Stringency of COVID-19 Protective Measures and Depressive SymptomsIndy Wijngaards0Indy Wijngaards1Sophie C. M. Sisouw de Zilwa2Martijn J. Burger3Martijn J. Burger4Erasmus Happiness Economics Research Organization, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, NetherlandsErasmus School of Health and Policy Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, NetherlandsErasmus Happiness Economics Research Organization, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, NetherlandsErasmus Happiness Economics Research Organization, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, NetherlandsErasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, NetherlandsFrom the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, psychologists are theorizing that, as compared to introverts, extraverts experience more profound negative social consequences from protective measures (e.g., travel restrictions and bans on public gatherings). As the empirical evidence for this claim is lacking, this study tested the hypothesis that extraversion moderates the relationship between the stringency of COVID-19 protective measures and depressive symptoms. Our results were based on survey data from 93,125 respondents collected in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 20–April 6, 2020) across 47 countries and publicly available data on measure stringency. Findings demonstrate that extraversion moderates the relationship between measure stringency in the early days of the pandemic and depressive symptoms. For introverts, measure stringency has a negative effect on depressive symptoms, while for extraverts, it has a positive, but non-significant effect on depressive symptoms. This study suggests that, although stringent measures generally help people to worry less and feel safer, the lifestyle associated with such measures feels more natural to introverts than to extraverts.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568907/fullCOVID-19COVID-19 protective measuresextraversiondepressive symptomsmental health—related quality of life |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Indy Wijngaards Indy Wijngaards Sophie C. M. Sisouw de Zilwa Martijn J. Burger Martijn J. Burger |
spellingShingle |
Indy Wijngaards Indy Wijngaards Sophie C. M. Sisouw de Zilwa Martijn J. Burger Martijn J. Burger Extraversion Moderates the Relationship Between the Stringency of COVID-19 Protective Measures and Depressive Symptoms Frontiers in Psychology COVID-19 COVID-19 protective measures extraversion depressive symptoms mental health—related quality of life |
author_facet |
Indy Wijngaards Indy Wijngaards Sophie C. M. Sisouw de Zilwa Martijn J. Burger Martijn J. Burger |
author_sort |
Indy Wijngaards |
title |
Extraversion Moderates the Relationship Between the Stringency of COVID-19 Protective Measures and Depressive Symptoms |
title_short |
Extraversion Moderates the Relationship Between the Stringency of COVID-19 Protective Measures and Depressive Symptoms |
title_full |
Extraversion Moderates the Relationship Between the Stringency of COVID-19 Protective Measures and Depressive Symptoms |
title_fullStr |
Extraversion Moderates the Relationship Between the Stringency of COVID-19 Protective Measures and Depressive Symptoms |
title_full_unstemmed |
Extraversion Moderates the Relationship Between the Stringency of COVID-19 Protective Measures and Depressive Symptoms |
title_sort |
extraversion moderates the relationship between the stringency of covid-19 protective measures and depressive symptoms |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Psychology |
issn |
1664-1078 |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
From the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, psychologists are theorizing that, as compared to introverts, extraverts experience more profound negative social consequences from protective measures (e.g., travel restrictions and bans on public gatherings). As the empirical evidence for this claim is lacking, this study tested the hypothesis that extraversion moderates the relationship between the stringency of COVID-19 protective measures and depressive symptoms. Our results were based on survey data from 93,125 respondents collected in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 20–April 6, 2020) across 47 countries and publicly available data on measure stringency. Findings demonstrate that extraversion moderates the relationship between measure stringency in the early days of the pandemic and depressive symptoms. For introverts, measure stringency has a negative effect on depressive symptoms, while for extraverts, it has a positive, but non-significant effect on depressive symptoms. This study suggests that, although stringent measures generally help people to worry less and feel safer, the lifestyle associated with such measures feels more natural to introverts than to extraverts. |
topic |
COVID-19 COVID-19 protective measures extraversion depressive symptoms mental health—related quality of life |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568907/full |
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