The Dynamics of the Discrete Ultimatum Game and the Role of the Expectation Level

We have studied evolutionary ultimatum game with spatially arranged players, who have choice between the two kinds of strategies (named greedy and altruist). The strategies in the ultimatum game here are described by p(i) and a(i), that is, the probability of offering i to himself and the accepting...

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Main Authors:	Lili Deng, Wei Zhang, Cheng Wang, Yi Han, Jianhu Cai
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Hindawi Limited 2016-01-01
Series:	Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society
Online Access:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8517345

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spelling	doaj-e82e00a381f844419e7d5a8e0be0eaef2020-11-24T22:51:12ZengHindawi LimitedDiscrete Dynamics in Nature and Society1026-02261607-887X2016-01-01201610.1155/2016/85173458517345The Dynamics of the Discrete Ultimatum Game and the Role of the Expectation LevelLili Deng0Wei Zhang1Cheng Wang2Yi Han3Jianhu Cai4Institute of Systems Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaInstitute of Systems Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaInstitute of Industrial Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, ChinaCollege of Economics and Management, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaCollege of Economics and Management, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, ChinaWe have studied evolutionary ultimatum game with spatially arranged players, who have choice between the two kinds of strategies (named greedy and altruist). The strategies in the ultimatum game here are described by p(i) and a(i), that is, the probability of offering i to himself and the accepting probability when receiving i. By using computer simulations with C++ builder, we have provided the dynamics of the greedy and altruistic strategies and found that the proportion evolution of the “greedy” strategy for different initial cases is approximately 60%. Furthermore, the explanations for the interesting phenomenon are presented from different aspects. In addition, we illustrate that the factor of the expectation level (aspiration level) in the updating rule plays an important role in the promotion of altruistic behaviors.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8517345
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Lili Deng Wei Zhang Cheng Wang Yi Han Jianhu Cai
spellingShingle	Lili Deng Wei Zhang Cheng Wang Yi Han Jianhu Cai The Dynamics of the Discrete Ultimatum Game and the Role of the Expectation Level Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society
author_facet	Lili Deng Wei Zhang Cheng Wang Yi Han Jianhu Cai
author_sort	Lili Deng
title	The Dynamics of the Discrete Ultimatum Game and the Role of the Expectation Level
title_short	The Dynamics of the Discrete Ultimatum Game and the Role of the Expectation Level
title_full	The Dynamics of the Discrete Ultimatum Game and the Role of the Expectation Level
title_fullStr	The Dynamics of the Discrete Ultimatum Game and the Role of the Expectation Level
title_full_unstemmed	The Dynamics of the Discrete Ultimatum Game and the Role of the Expectation Level
title_sort	dynamics of the discrete ultimatum game and the role of the expectation level
publisher	Hindawi Limited
series	Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society
issn	1026-0226 1607-887X
publishDate	2016-01-01
description	We have studied evolutionary ultimatum game with spatially arranged players, who have choice between the two kinds of strategies (named greedy and altruist). The strategies in the ultimatum game here are described by p(i) and a(i), that is, the probability of offering i to himself and the accepting probability when receiving i. By using computer simulations with C++ builder, we have provided the dynamics of the greedy and altruistic strategies and found that the proportion evolution of the “greedy” strategy for different initial cases is approximately 60%. Furthermore, the explanations for the interesting phenomenon are presented from different aspects. In addition, we illustrate that the factor of the expectation level (aspiration level) in the updating rule plays an important role in the promotion of altruistic behaviors.
url	http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8517345
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The Dynamics of the Discrete Ultimatum Game and the Role of the Expectation Level

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