Time or Space? Relative Importance of Geographic Distribution and Interannual Variation in Three Lineages of the Ascidian Pyura chilensis in the Southeast Pacific Coast

Spatial and temporal variation of environmental parameters can affect dispersal, recruitment and population persistence of marine benthic species. Studies including inter-annual comparisons of genetic structure often indicate high/moderate temporal heterogeneity in marine invertebrates, which may be...

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Main Authors: Pilar A. Haye, Xavier Turon, Nicolás I. Segovia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Marine Science
Subjects:
COI
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.657411/full
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spelling doaj-e7f2f36354f847e5a7df4f196207bd022021-04-22T07:07:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452021-04-01810.3389/fmars.2021.657411657411Time or Space? Relative Importance of Geographic Distribution and Interannual Variation in Three Lineages of the Ascidian Pyura chilensis in the Southeast Pacific CoastPilar A. Haye0Pilar A. Haye1Xavier Turon2Nicolás I. Segovia3Nicolás I. Segovia4Nicolás I. Segovia5Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias de Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, ChileInstituto Milenio en Socio-ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago, ChileCentre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB, CSIC), Blanes, SpainDepartamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias de Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, ChileInstituto Milenio en Socio-ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago, ChileInstituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, ChileSpatial and temporal variation of environmental parameters can affect dispersal, recruitment and population persistence of marine benthic species. Studies including inter-annual comparisons of genetic structure often indicate high/moderate temporal heterogeneity in marine invertebrates, which may be a prevailing pattern. This suggests that temporal studies are necessary to understand the dynamics of marine metapopulations. In this study, we analyzed the spatio-temporal genetic structure of the ascidian Pyura chilensis, a low dispersal sessile marine species endemic from the Southeast Pacific coast and highly demanded for human consumption. We sequenced a fragment of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) from 1,005 individuals of six locations (30–40 individuals per site and year) spanning a wide latitudinal range (24°–42°S) and sampled over 5 years (2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017). The genetic structure of COI indicates the presence of three monophyletic lineages (haplogroups 1–3) previously described for the species, being one of them highly divergent and geographically restricted (~39°S, Los Molinos). Considering the whole dataset, a picture of strong spatial differentiation but temporal stability emerged in Pyura chilensis. However, detailed studies of the two main lineages revealed important differences in the extent of spatio-temporal variation. Analyses using haplotype frequencies sorted by site and year showed that, for haplogroup 1, genetic variation was explained mainly by differences between sites, while for haplogroup 2 differences between years were prevailing. Haplogroup 3 was restricted to the most southern sites, and also showed inter-annual variability in its frequency. These results point to disparate patterns of genetic differentiation, which may reflect different adaptive scope or variation in reproductive and dispersal features and could be a response to extreme events such as El Niño (2015–2016). This work calls for caution when obtaining general trends in species clearly differentiated in lineages, and prompts instead for separate analyses of sub-specific genetic lineages whenever possible.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.657411/fullCOItunicatesgenetic structureHumboldt Current Systemtemporal variability
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Pilar A. Haye
Pilar A. Haye
Xavier Turon
Nicolás I. Segovia
Nicolás I. Segovia
Nicolás I. Segovia
spellingShingle Pilar A. Haye
Pilar A. Haye
Xavier Turon
Nicolás I. Segovia
Nicolás I. Segovia
Nicolás I. Segovia
Time or Space? Relative Importance of Geographic Distribution and Interannual Variation in Three Lineages of the Ascidian Pyura chilensis in the Southeast Pacific Coast
Frontiers in Marine Science
COI
tunicates
genetic structure
Humboldt Current System
temporal variability
author_facet Pilar A. Haye
Pilar A. Haye
Xavier Turon
Nicolás I. Segovia
Nicolás I. Segovia
Nicolás I. Segovia
author_sort Pilar A. Haye
title Time or Space? Relative Importance of Geographic Distribution and Interannual Variation in Three Lineages of the Ascidian Pyura chilensis in the Southeast Pacific Coast
title_short Time or Space? Relative Importance of Geographic Distribution and Interannual Variation in Three Lineages of the Ascidian Pyura chilensis in the Southeast Pacific Coast
title_full Time or Space? Relative Importance of Geographic Distribution and Interannual Variation in Three Lineages of the Ascidian Pyura chilensis in the Southeast Pacific Coast
title_fullStr Time or Space? Relative Importance of Geographic Distribution and Interannual Variation in Three Lineages of the Ascidian Pyura chilensis in the Southeast Pacific Coast
title_full_unstemmed Time or Space? Relative Importance of Geographic Distribution and Interannual Variation in Three Lineages of the Ascidian Pyura chilensis in the Southeast Pacific Coast
title_sort time or space? relative importance of geographic distribution and interannual variation in three lineages of the ascidian pyura chilensis in the southeast pacific coast
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Marine Science
issn 2296-7745
publishDate 2021-04-01
description Spatial and temporal variation of environmental parameters can affect dispersal, recruitment and population persistence of marine benthic species. Studies including inter-annual comparisons of genetic structure often indicate high/moderate temporal heterogeneity in marine invertebrates, which may be a prevailing pattern. This suggests that temporal studies are necessary to understand the dynamics of marine metapopulations. In this study, we analyzed the spatio-temporal genetic structure of the ascidian Pyura chilensis, a low dispersal sessile marine species endemic from the Southeast Pacific coast and highly demanded for human consumption. We sequenced a fragment of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) from 1,005 individuals of six locations (30–40 individuals per site and year) spanning a wide latitudinal range (24°–42°S) and sampled over 5 years (2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017). The genetic structure of COI indicates the presence of three monophyletic lineages (haplogroups 1–3) previously described for the species, being one of them highly divergent and geographically restricted (~39°S, Los Molinos). Considering the whole dataset, a picture of strong spatial differentiation but temporal stability emerged in Pyura chilensis. However, detailed studies of the two main lineages revealed important differences in the extent of spatio-temporal variation. Analyses using haplotype frequencies sorted by site and year showed that, for haplogroup 1, genetic variation was explained mainly by differences between sites, while for haplogroup 2 differences between years were prevailing. Haplogroup 3 was restricted to the most southern sites, and also showed inter-annual variability in its frequency. These results point to disparate patterns of genetic differentiation, which may reflect different adaptive scope or variation in reproductive and dispersal features and could be a response to extreme events such as El Niño (2015–2016). This work calls for caution when obtaining general trends in species clearly differentiated in lineages, and prompts instead for separate analyses of sub-specific genetic lineages whenever possible.
topic COI
tunicates
genetic structure
Humboldt Current System
temporal variability
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.657411/full
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