Improving Accessible Capacity Tracking at Low Ambient Temperatures for Range Estimation of Battery Electric Vehicles
Today’s market leading electric vehicles, driven on typical UK motorways, have real-world range estimation inaccuracy of up to 27%, at around 10 °C outside temperature. The inaccuracy worsens for city driving or lower outside temperature. The reliability of range estimation largely depends on the ac...
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doaj-e7e12b89008244a787a501a0cf59d5652020-11-25T02:28:11ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732020-04-01132021202110.3390/en13082021Improving Accessible Capacity Tracking at Low Ambient Temperatures for Range Estimation of Battery Electric VehiclesYashraj Tripathy0Andrew McGordon1Anup Barai2Energy Innovation Centre (EIC), WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKEnergy Innovation Centre (EIC), WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKEnergy Innovation Centre (EIC), WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKToday’s market leading electric vehicles, driven on typical UK motorways, have real-world range estimation inaccuracy of up to 27%, at around 10 °C outside temperature. The inaccuracy worsens for city driving or lower outside temperature. The reliability of range estimation largely depends on the accuracy of the battery’s underlying state estimators, e.g., state-of-charge and state-of-energy. This is affected by accuracy of the models embedded in the battery management system. The performance of these models fundamentally depends on experimentally obtained parameterisation and validation data. These experiments are mostly performed within thermal chambers, which maintain pre-set temperatures using forced air convection. Although these setups claim to maintain isothermal test conditions, they rarely do so. In this paper, we show that this is potentially the root-cause for deterioration of range estimation at low temperatures. This is because, while such setups produce results comparable to isothermal conditions at higher temperatures (25 °C), they fail to achieve isothermal conditions at sub-zero temperatures. Employing an immersed oil-cooled experimental setup, which can create close-to isothermal conditions, we show battery state estimation can be improved by reducing error from 49.3% to 11.7% at −15 °C. These findings provide a way forward towards improving range estimation in cold weather conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/8/2021electric vehiclelow temperaturerange anxietymodel parameterisationisothermal parameterisationrange estimation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yashraj Tripathy Andrew McGordon Anup Barai |
spellingShingle |
Yashraj Tripathy Andrew McGordon Anup Barai Improving Accessible Capacity Tracking at Low Ambient Temperatures for Range Estimation of Battery Electric Vehicles Energies electric vehicle low temperature range anxiety model parameterisation isothermal parameterisation range estimation |
author_facet |
Yashraj Tripathy Andrew McGordon Anup Barai |
author_sort |
Yashraj Tripathy |
title |
Improving Accessible Capacity Tracking at Low Ambient Temperatures for Range Estimation of Battery Electric Vehicles |
title_short |
Improving Accessible Capacity Tracking at Low Ambient Temperatures for Range Estimation of Battery Electric Vehicles |
title_full |
Improving Accessible Capacity Tracking at Low Ambient Temperatures for Range Estimation of Battery Electric Vehicles |
title_fullStr |
Improving Accessible Capacity Tracking at Low Ambient Temperatures for Range Estimation of Battery Electric Vehicles |
title_full_unstemmed |
Improving Accessible Capacity Tracking at Low Ambient Temperatures for Range Estimation of Battery Electric Vehicles |
title_sort |
improving accessible capacity tracking at low ambient temperatures for range estimation of battery electric vehicles |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Energies |
issn |
1996-1073 |
publishDate |
2020-04-01 |
description |
Today’s market leading electric vehicles, driven on typical UK motorways, have real-world range estimation inaccuracy of up to 27%, at around 10 °C outside temperature. The inaccuracy worsens for city driving or lower outside temperature. The reliability of range estimation largely depends on the accuracy of the battery’s underlying state estimators, e.g., state-of-charge and state-of-energy. This is affected by accuracy of the models embedded in the battery management system. The performance of these models fundamentally depends on experimentally obtained parameterisation and validation data. These experiments are mostly performed within thermal chambers, which maintain pre-set temperatures using forced air convection. Although these setups claim to maintain isothermal test conditions, they rarely do so. In this paper, we show that this is potentially the root-cause for deterioration of range estimation at low temperatures. This is because, while such setups produce results comparable to isothermal conditions at higher temperatures (25 °C), they fail to achieve isothermal conditions at sub-zero temperatures. Employing an immersed oil-cooled experimental setup, which can create close-to isothermal conditions, we show battery state estimation can be improved by reducing error from 49.3% to 11.7% at −15 °C. These findings provide a way forward towards improving range estimation in cold weather conditions. |
topic |
electric vehicle low temperature range anxiety model parameterisation isothermal parameterisation range estimation |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/8/2021 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT yashrajtripathy improvingaccessiblecapacitytrackingatlowambienttemperaturesforrangeestimationofbatteryelectricvehicles AT andrewmcgordon improvingaccessiblecapacitytrackingatlowambienttemperaturesforrangeestimationofbatteryelectricvehicles AT anupbarai improvingaccessiblecapacitytrackingatlowambienttemperaturesforrangeestimationofbatteryelectricvehicles |
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