The Gut and Parkinson's Disease—A Bidirectional Pathway
Humans evolved a symbiotic relationship with their gut microbiome, a complex microbial community composed of bacteria, archaea, protists, and viruses, including bacteriophages. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a gateway for the bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut, mostly thr...
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doaj-e7490068e14749ce92ad476ff79ef1502020-11-25T00:32:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952019-06-011010.3389/fneur.2019.00574450387The Gut and Parkinson's Disease—A Bidirectional PathwaySusanne Fonseca Santos0Hadassa Loth de Oliveira1Elizabeth Sumi Yamada2Bianca Cruz Neves3Antonio Pereira4Antonio Pereira5Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, BrazilDepartment of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilGraduate Program in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, BrazilDepartment of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilGraduate Program in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, BrazilDepartment of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, BrazilHumans evolved a symbiotic relationship with their gut microbiome, a complex microbial community composed of bacteria, archaea, protists, and viruses, including bacteriophages. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a gateway for the bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut, mostly through the vagus nerve (VN). Environmental exposure plays a pivotal role in both the composition and functionality of the gut microbiome and may contribute to susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). The neuropathological hallmark of PD is the widespread appearance of alpha-synuclein aggregates in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, including the ENS. Many studies suggest that gut toxins can induce the formation of α-syn aggregates in the ENS, which may then be transmitted in a prion-like manner to the CNS through the VN. PD is strongly associated with aging and its negative effects on homeostatic mechanisms protecting from inflammation, oxidative stress, and protein malfunction. In this mini-review, we revisit some landmark discoveries in the field of Parkinson's research and focus on the gut-brain axis. In the process, we highlight evidence showing gut-associated dysbiosis and related microbial-derived components as important players and risk factors for PD. Therefore, the gut microbiome emerges as a potential target for protective measures aiming to prevent PD onset.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2019.00574/fullParkinson's diseaseenteric nervous systemmicrobiomeneurotoxicantsprobiotics |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Susanne Fonseca Santos Hadassa Loth de Oliveira Elizabeth Sumi Yamada Bianca Cruz Neves Antonio Pereira Antonio Pereira |
spellingShingle |
Susanne Fonseca Santos Hadassa Loth de Oliveira Elizabeth Sumi Yamada Bianca Cruz Neves Antonio Pereira Antonio Pereira The Gut and Parkinson's Disease—A Bidirectional Pathway Frontiers in Neurology Parkinson's disease enteric nervous system microbiome neurotoxicants probiotics |
author_facet |
Susanne Fonseca Santos Hadassa Loth de Oliveira Elizabeth Sumi Yamada Bianca Cruz Neves Antonio Pereira Antonio Pereira |
author_sort |
Susanne Fonseca Santos |
title |
The Gut and Parkinson's Disease—A Bidirectional Pathway |
title_short |
The Gut and Parkinson's Disease—A Bidirectional Pathway |
title_full |
The Gut and Parkinson's Disease—A Bidirectional Pathway |
title_fullStr |
The Gut and Parkinson's Disease—A Bidirectional Pathway |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Gut and Parkinson's Disease—A Bidirectional Pathway |
title_sort |
gut and parkinson's disease—a bidirectional pathway |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Neurology |
issn |
1664-2295 |
publishDate |
2019-06-01 |
description |
Humans evolved a symbiotic relationship with their gut microbiome, a complex microbial community composed of bacteria, archaea, protists, and viruses, including bacteriophages. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a gateway for the bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut, mostly through the vagus nerve (VN). Environmental exposure plays a pivotal role in both the composition and functionality of the gut microbiome and may contribute to susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). The neuropathological hallmark of PD is the widespread appearance of alpha-synuclein aggregates in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, including the ENS. Many studies suggest that gut toxins can induce the formation of α-syn aggregates in the ENS, which may then be transmitted in a prion-like manner to the CNS through the VN. PD is strongly associated with aging and its negative effects on homeostatic mechanisms protecting from inflammation, oxidative stress, and protein malfunction. In this mini-review, we revisit some landmark discoveries in the field of Parkinson's research and focus on the gut-brain axis. In the process, we highlight evidence showing gut-associated dysbiosis and related microbial-derived components as important players and risk factors for PD. Therefore, the gut microbiome emerges as a potential target for protective measures aiming to prevent PD onset. |
topic |
Parkinson's disease enteric nervous system microbiome neurotoxicants probiotics |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fneur.2019.00574/full |
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