Identification of Technogenic Magnetic Particles and Forms of Occurrence of Potentially Toxic Elements Present in Fly Ashes and Soil
Solid fossil fuel power plants are the main source of energy in Poland. In 2018, the most important energy carrier was hard coal with a share of 57.9%, followed by lignite with a share of 18.1%. In addition to CO<sub>2</sub>, NO<i><sub>x</sub></i> and SO<i>&...
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doaj-e71919537b074c58a0260c623b51c1992020-11-29T00:04:01ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2020-11-01101066106610.3390/min10121066Identification of Technogenic Magnetic Particles and Forms of Occurrence of Potentially Toxic Elements Present in Fly Ashes and SoilMałgorzata Wawer0Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Skłodowska-Curie St., 41-819 Zabrze, PolandSolid fossil fuel power plants are the main source of energy in Poland. In 2018, the most important energy carrier was hard coal with a share of 57.9%, followed by lignite with a share of 18.1%. In addition to CO<sub>2</sub>, NO<i><sub>x</sub></i> and SO<i><sub>x</sub></i>, the combustion of fossil fuels produces dusts containing, among others, potentially toxic elements (PTEs), e.g., Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd. Although the currently operating power plants have efficient filter systems, the total dust emission in Poland in 2017 amounted to 341,000 t, of which approximately 36,000 t was from the power plants. PTEs present in the power plant dust are often accompanied by technogenic magnetic particles (TMPs)—mainly iron oxides and hydroxides formed in high-temperature technological processes as a result of the transformations of iron minerals contained in raw materials and additives. The presence of magnetic iron minerals (e.g., magnetite, hematite, maghemite, metallic iron) in the tested ashes from hard coal and lignite power plants was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) analysis. The sequential extraction analysis showed that most of the analyzed PTEs found in dust after hard coal combustion were mainly related to amorphous and crystalline FeO<i><sub>x</sub></i> or in the residual fraction and in dust after lignite combustion, mainly in the most mobile fractions.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/10/12/1066fly ashessoil pollutionpotentially toxic elementstechnogenic magnetic particlessequential extraction |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Małgorzata Wawer |
spellingShingle |
Małgorzata Wawer Identification of Technogenic Magnetic Particles and Forms of Occurrence of Potentially Toxic Elements Present in Fly Ashes and Soil Minerals fly ashes soil pollution potentially toxic elements technogenic magnetic particles sequential extraction |
author_facet |
Małgorzata Wawer |
author_sort |
Małgorzata Wawer |
title |
Identification of Technogenic Magnetic Particles and Forms of Occurrence of Potentially Toxic Elements Present in Fly Ashes and Soil |
title_short |
Identification of Technogenic Magnetic Particles and Forms of Occurrence of Potentially Toxic Elements Present in Fly Ashes and Soil |
title_full |
Identification of Technogenic Magnetic Particles and Forms of Occurrence of Potentially Toxic Elements Present in Fly Ashes and Soil |
title_fullStr |
Identification of Technogenic Magnetic Particles and Forms of Occurrence of Potentially Toxic Elements Present in Fly Ashes and Soil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Identification of Technogenic Magnetic Particles and Forms of Occurrence of Potentially Toxic Elements Present in Fly Ashes and Soil |
title_sort |
identification of technogenic magnetic particles and forms of occurrence of potentially toxic elements present in fly ashes and soil |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Minerals |
issn |
2075-163X |
publishDate |
2020-11-01 |
description |
Solid fossil fuel power plants are the main source of energy in Poland. In 2018, the most important energy carrier was hard coal with a share of 57.9%, followed by lignite with a share of 18.1%. In addition to CO<sub>2</sub>, NO<i><sub>x</sub></i> and SO<i><sub>x</sub></i>, the combustion of fossil fuels produces dusts containing, among others, potentially toxic elements (PTEs), e.g., Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd. Although the currently operating power plants have efficient filter systems, the total dust emission in Poland in 2017 amounted to 341,000 t, of which approximately 36,000 t was from the power plants. PTEs present in the power plant dust are often accompanied by technogenic magnetic particles (TMPs)—mainly iron oxides and hydroxides formed in high-temperature technological processes as a result of the transformations of iron minerals contained in raw materials and additives. The presence of magnetic iron minerals (e.g., magnetite, hematite, maghemite, metallic iron) in the tested ashes from hard coal and lignite power plants was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) analysis. The sequential extraction analysis showed that most of the analyzed PTEs found in dust after hard coal combustion were mainly related to amorphous and crystalline FeO<i><sub>x</sub></i> or in the residual fraction and in dust after lignite combustion, mainly in the most mobile fractions. |
topic |
fly ashes soil pollution potentially toxic elements technogenic magnetic particles sequential extraction |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/10/12/1066 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT małgorzatawawer identificationoftechnogenicmagneticparticlesandformsofoccurrenceofpotentiallytoxicelementspresentinflyashesandsoil |
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