A Critical Review for Synergic Kinetics and Strategies for Enhanced Photopolymerizations for 3D-Printing and Additive Manufacturing

The synergic features and enhancing strategies for various photopolymerization systems are reviewed by kinetic schemes and the associated measurements. The important topics include (i) photo crosslinking of corneas for the treatment of corneal diseases using UVA-light (365 nm) light and riboflavin a...

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Main Authors: Jui-Teng Lin, Jacques Lalevee, Da-Chun Cheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-07-01
Series:Polymers
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/14/2325
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spelling doaj-e668161f623d44dcb78c9171b04f67872021-07-23T14:02:36ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-07-01132325232510.3390/polym13142325A Critical Review for Synergic Kinetics and Strategies for Enhanced Photopolymerizations for 3D-Printing and Additive ManufacturingJui-Teng Lin0Jacques Lalevee1Da-Chun Cheng2New Vision Inc., 10F, No. 55, Sect.3, Xinbei Blvd, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City 242, TaiwanCNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100 Mulhouse, FranceDepartment of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, TaiwanThe synergic features and enhancing strategies for various photopolymerization systems are reviewed by kinetic schemes and the associated measurements. The important topics include (i) photo crosslinking of corneas for the treatment of corneal diseases using UVA-light (365 nm) light and riboflavin as the photosensitizer; (ii) synergic effects by a dual-function enhancer in a three-initiator system; (iii) synergic effects by a three-initiator C/B/A system, with electron-transfer and oxygen-mediated energy-transfer pathways; (iv) copper-complex (G1) photoredox catalyst in G1/Iod/NVK systems for free radical (FRP) and cationic photopolymerization (CP); (v) radical-mediated thiol-ene (TE) photopolymerizations; (vi) superbase photogenerator based-catalyzed thiol−acrylate Michael (TM) addition reaction; and the combined system of TE and TM using dual wavelength; (vii) dual-wavelength (UV and blue) controlled photopolymerization confinement (PC); (viii) dual-wavelength (UV and red) selectively controlled 3D printing; and (ix) three-wavelength selectively controlled in 3D printing and additive manufacturing (AM). With minimum mathematics, we present (for the first time) the synergic features and enhancing strategies for various systems of multi-components, initiators, monomers, and under one-, two-, and three-wavelength light. Therefore, this review provides not only the bridging between modeling and measurements, but also guidance for further experimental studies and new applications in 3D printings and additive manufacturing (AM), based on the innovative concepts (kinetics/schemes).https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/14/23253D printingsadditive manufacturingpolymerization kineticsphotoredoxmonomer conversionsynergic effects
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Jui-Teng Lin
Jacques Lalevee
Da-Chun Cheng
spellingShingle Jui-Teng Lin
Jacques Lalevee
Da-Chun Cheng
A Critical Review for Synergic Kinetics and Strategies for Enhanced Photopolymerizations for 3D-Printing and Additive Manufacturing
Polymers
3D printings
additive manufacturing
polymerization kinetics
photoredox
monomer conversion
synergic effects
author_facet Jui-Teng Lin
Jacques Lalevee
Da-Chun Cheng
author_sort Jui-Teng Lin
title A Critical Review for Synergic Kinetics and Strategies for Enhanced Photopolymerizations for 3D-Printing and Additive Manufacturing
title_short A Critical Review for Synergic Kinetics and Strategies for Enhanced Photopolymerizations for 3D-Printing and Additive Manufacturing
title_full A Critical Review for Synergic Kinetics and Strategies for Enhanced Photopolymerizations for 3D-Printing and Additive Manufacturing
title_fullStr A Critical Review for Synergic Kinetics and Strategies for Enhanced Photopolymerizations for 3D-Printing and Additive Manufacturing
title_full_unstemmed A Critical Review for Synergic Kinetics and Strategies for Enhanced Photopolymerizations for 3D-Printing and Additive Manufacturing
title_sort critical review for synergic kinetics and strategies for enhanced photopolymerizations for 3d-printing and additive manufacturing
publisher MDPI AG
series Polymers
issn 2073-4360
publishDate 2021-07-01
description The synergic features and enhancing strategies for various photopolymerization systems are reviewed by kinetic schemes and the associated measurements. The important topics include (i) photo crosslinking of corneas for the treatment of corneal diseases using UVA-light (365 nm) light and riboflavin as the photosensitizer; (ii) synergic effects by a dual-function enhancer in a three-initiator system; (iii) synergic effects by a three-initiator C/B/A system, with electron-transfer and oxygen-mediated energy-transfer pathways; (iv) copper-complex (G1) photoredox catalyst in G1/Iod/NVK systems for free radical (FRP) and cationic photopolymerization (CP); (v) radical-mediated thiol-ene (TE) photopolymerizations; (vi) superbase photogenerator based-catalyzed thiol−acrylate Michael (TM) addition reaction; and the combined system of TE and TM using dual wavelength; (vii) dual-wavelength (UV and blue) controlled photopolymerization confinement (PC); (viii) dual-wavelength (UV and red) selectively controlled 3D printing; and (ix) three-wavelength selectively controlled in 3D printing and additive manufacturing (AM). With minimum mathematics, we present (for the first time) the synergic features and enhancing strategies for various systems of multi-components, initiators, monomers, and under one-, two-, and three-wavelength light. Therefore, this review provides not only the bridging between modeling and measurements, but also guidance for further experimental studies and new applications in 3D printings and additive manufacturing (AM), based on the innovative concepts (kinetics/schemes).
topic 3D printings
additive manufacturing
polymerization kinetics
photoredox
monomer conversion
synergic effects
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/14/2325
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