Immune-modulatory effects and mechanism of action of l-theanine on ETEC-induced immune-stressed mice via nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling pathway

Immune-modulatory effects and mechanism of action of l-theanine on ETEC-induced immune-stressed mice via nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling pathway

l-Theanine (LTA), a non-protein-derived amino acid, is widely used as a functional ingredient. Here, we established an immune-stressed mouse model by infecting mice with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to study the immunomodulatory effects of LTA with respect to nucleotide-binding oligomeriz...

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Main Authors: Zhihua Gong, Ling Lin, Zunying Liu, Sheng Zhang, An Liu, Ling Chen, Qiuling Liu, Yanli Deng, Wenjun Xiao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2019-03-01
Series:Journal of Functional Foods
Subjects:
l-Theanine
Immune stress
Innate immunity
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor
Immune mechanism
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S175646461930012X
id doaj-e60ae25c3a934ed89d71a6202f756b8e
record_format Article
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Zhihua Gong
Ling Lin
Zunying Liu
Sheng Zhang
An Liu
Ling Chen
Qiuling Liu
Yanli Deng
Wenjun Xiao
spellingShingle Zhihua Gong
Ling Lin
Zunying Liu
Sheng Zhang
An Liu
Ling Chen
Qiuling Liu
Yanli Deng
Wenjun Xiao
Immune-modulatory effects and mechanism of action of l-theanine on ETEC-induced immune-stressed mice via nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling pathway
Journal of Functional Foods
l-Theanine
Immune stress
Innate immunity
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor
Immune mechanism
author_facet Zhihua Gong
Ling Lin
Zunying Liu
Sheng Zhang
An Liu
Ling Chen
Qiuling Liu
Yanli Deng
Wenjun Xiao
author_sort Zhihua Gong
title Immune-modulatory effects and mechanism of action of l-theanine on ETEC-induced immune-stressed mice via nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling pathway
title_short Immune-modulatory effects and mechanism of action of l-theanine on ETEC-induced immune-stressed mice via nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling pathway
title_full Immune-modulatory effects and mechanism of action of l-theanine on ETEC-induced immune-stressed mice via nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling pathway
title_fullStr Immune-modulatory effects and mechanism of action of l-theanine on ETEC-induced immune-stressed mice via nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling pathway
title_full_unstemmed Immune-modulatory effects and mechanism of action of l-theanine on ETEC-induced immune-stressed mice via nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling pathway
title_sort immune-modulatory effects and mechanism of action of l-theanine on etec-induced immune-stressed mice via nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling pathway
publisher Elsevier
series Journal of Functional Foods
issn 1756-4646
publishDate 2019-03-01
description l-Theanine (LTA), a non-protein-derived amino acid, is widely used as a functional ingredient. Here, we established an immune-stressed mouse model by infecting mice with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to study the immunomodulatory effects of LTA with respect to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling in vivo. Compared to ETEC control group, LTA alleviated ileal tissue lesions, significantly attenuated interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα) overexpression, which was consistent with their protein levels. Additionally, LTA inhibited the ETEC-induced overexpression of NOD2 and receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) proteins and mRNAs, TGE-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and proteasome subunit alpha type-7 (PSMA7) mRNAs, and partially decreased nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 protein levels. Furthermore, it suppressed c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) phosphorylation. Thus, we demonstrated that LTA regulates the innate immunity of ETEC-induced immune-stressed mice via NOD1/2-NF-κB and NOD1/2-MAPK pathways.
topic l-Theanine
Immune stress
Innate immunity
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor
Immune mechanism
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S175646461930012X
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spelling doaj-e60ae25c3a934ed89d71a6202f756b8e2021-04-30T07:15:32ZengElsevierJournal of Functional Foods1756-46462019-03-01543240Immune-modulatory effects and mechanism of action of l-theanine on ETEC-induced immune-stressed mice via nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling pathwayZhihua Gong0Ling Lin1Zunying Liu2Sheng Zhang3An Liu4Ling Chen5Qiuling Liu6Yanli Deng7Wenjun Xiao8Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, ChinaKey Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, ChinaKey Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, ChinaKey Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, ChinaKey Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, ChinaKey Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, ChinaKey Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, ChinaKey Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Tea College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Corresponding authors at: Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. Tea College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Corresponding authors at: Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. Tea College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.l-Theanine (LTA), a non-protein-derived amino acid, is widely used as a functional ingredient. Here, we established an immune-stressed mouse model by infecting mice with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to study the immunomodulatory effects of LTA with respect to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling in vivo. Compared to ETEC control group, LTA alleviated ileal tissue lesions, significantly attenuated interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα) overexpression, which was consistent with their protein levels. Additionally, LTA inhibited the ETEC-induced overexpression of NOD2 and receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) proteins and mRNAs, TGE-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and proteasome subunit alpha type-7 (PSMA7) mRNAs, and partially decreased nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 protein levels. Furthermore, it suppressed c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) phosphorylation. Thus, we demonstrated that LTA regulates the innate immunity of ETEC-induced immune-stressed mice via NOD1/2-NF-κB and NOD1/2-MAPK pathways.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S175646461930012Xl-TheanineImmune stressInnate immunityNucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptorImmune mechanism

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