The impacts of land use changes in the mercury flux in the Madeira River, Western Amazon

Changes in hydrochemistry and Hg distribution in the Madeira River from Porto Velho to the confluence with the Amazon River were studied in two cruises in 1997 and 2002. Water conductivity was similar in both periods, but the pH was significantly higher in 2002, in particular along the middle reache...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Luiz D. Lacerda, Wanderley R. Bastos, Marcelo D. Almeida
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Academia Brasileira de Ciências 2012-03-01
Series:Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
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Online Access:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652012000100007
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Summary:Changes in hydrochemistry and Hg distribution in the Madeira River from Porto Velho to the confluence with the Amazon River were studied in two cruises in 1997 and 2002. Water conductivity was similar in both periods, but the pH was significantly higher in 2002, in particular along the middle reaches of the river. Total suspended matter concentrations also increased from 1997 to 2002 along the same river portion, which is a result of forest conversion to other land uses, in particular pastures and agriculture accelerated during the interval between the cruises. Dissolved Hg concentrations were similar along the river in both cruises, but particulate Hg concentrations increased significantly along the middle portion of the river, although the suspended matter from 2002 was relatively poorer in Hg compared to that from 1997. Since particulate Hg represents more than 90% of the total Hg present in the river water, there was a significant increase in the total Hg transport in the Madeira River. Although gold mining has nearly ceased to exist in the region, the remobilization of Hg from forest soils through conversion to other land uses is responsible for maintaining relatively high Hg content in the Madeira River environment.<br>Foram estudadas as alterações na hidroquímica e na distribuição de Hg em águas do Rio Madeira entre Porto Velho (RO) e a confluência com o Rio Amazonas (AM) em dois cruzeiros realizados em 1997 e 2002. A condutividade da água foi similar nos dois períodos, porém o pH foi significativamente maior em 2002, principalmente ao longo da porção média do curso do rio. A concentração do material suspenso total também aumentou de 1997 a 2002, nesta mesma porção do rio, o que é um resultado da conversão de florestas para outros usos, principalmente pastos e agricultura, que foi intensificada no intervalo entre os dois cruzeiros. As concentrações de Hg dissolvido foram similares ao longo do rio nos dois cruzeiros, mas as concentrações de Hg particulado aumentaram significativamente ao longo da porção média de seu curso, embora em 2002 a concentração de Hg no material particulado fosse menor que aquela verificada em 1997. Uma vez que o Hg particulado representou mais de 90% do total do Hg presente na água, ocorreu um aumento significativo no transporte de Hg total pelo Rio Madeira. Embora o garimpo de ouro tenha praticamente cessado na região, a remobilização de Hg pela conversão de solos florestais para ouros usos é responsável pela manutenção de níveis relativamente elevados de Hg no meio ambiente do Rio Madeira.
ISSN:0001-3765
1678-2690