DISAIN STRUKTURAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF KEARIFAN LOKAL PADA RUMAH TRADISIONAL MELAYU KOTA SAMBAS KALIMANTAN BARAT

• Main Authors: Zairin Zain, Indra Wahyu Fajar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Tanjungpura University 2014-07-01
• Series: Langkau Betang: Jurnal Arsitektur
• Online Access: http://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/lb/article/view/18797
• ISSN: 2355-2484; 2550-1194

Rumah itu dibangun untuk memenuhi kebutuhan fisik dan spiritual bagi penghuni. Ini berarti bahwa fungsi rumah secara fisik dibangun untuk mempertahankan hidup mereka dari ancaman lingkungan seperti iklim, cuaca atau hewan liar, sementara rumah juga diperuntukkan untuk kebutuhan rohani mereka dengan memfasilitasi interaksi antara penghuni di rumah atau interaksi dengan orang di luar rumah. Untuk itu, menarik untuk mendalami kearifan lokal  yang hidup di  masyarakat tradisional di Kota  Sambas Kalimantan Barat, melalui pemahaman disain struktural  dari  elemen-elemen  tempat tinggal tersebut. Disain struktural bangunan dikerjakan dalam memenuhi tujuan-tujuan untuk  safety,  values,  fitness,  compatibility  dan  flexibility. Dari hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa disain struktural rumah tradisional Melayu di kota Sambas dibangun dengan  Tujuan  Safety  diperoleh dari keadaan yang memperhatikan kedominanan, proporsi dan keseimbangan; Tujuan Value diperoleh dari perhatian terhadap konstruksi ruang, keterhubungan ruang, susunan dan perletakan kolom; Tujuan Fitness diperoleh dari pemilihan dan pola struktur; Tujuan Compatibility diperoleh dari perhatian terhadap pemilihan material, orientasi bangunan dan bentuk-bentuk struktur ruang; sedangkan Tujuan Flexibility diperoleh dari susunan dan keterkaitan ruang serta pemilihan sistem struktur.   The house was built to meet the physical and spiritual needs of the occupants. This means that the physical functions of house was bulit to maintain their living from environmental threats such as climate, weather or wild animals, while the house as well intended for their spiritual needs to facilitating the interaction between the occupants in the house or interaction with people outside the house. For that, it is interesting to explore the local wisdom that growing in traditional people of the Sambas town West Kalimantan, through an understanding of the structural design of the house elements. Structural design of the building is done to fulfill the objectives of safety, values, fitness, compatibility and flexibility. From the results of this study found that the structural design of the Malay traditional house in Sambas town was built with the aim of Safety obtained from the state of attention to dominance, proportion and balance; the aim of Value obtained from the state of attention to the construction of space, the connectedness of space, arrangement and placement of columns; the aim of Fitness obtained from the state of attention to the selection and patterns of structures; the aim of Compatibility obtained from the state of attention to the material selection, building orientation and the forms of spatial structure; while the aim of Flexibility is obtained from the state of attention to the composition and  space connectedness and the structural system REFERENCES AlMudra, Mahyudin. 2004. Rumah Melayu Memangku Adat Menjemput Zaman. Balai Kajian Dan Pengembangan Budaya Melayu. Yogyakarta Bappeda Kab. Sambas, 2012. Rencana Tata Ruang dan Wilayah Kabupaten Sambas 2012-2032. Bappeda Kab. Sambas. Sambas BPS-Kalimantan Barat. 2010. Kalimantan Barat Dalam Angka 2010. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Pontianak Noble, Allen G. 2007.  Traditional Buildings ~ A Global Survey of Structural Forms and Cultural Functions. I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd, New York Tahir, M. M.; M. F. M. Zain; K. Sopian; I. M. S. Usman; M. Surat; N. A. G. Abdullah; N. Tawil; M. F; I. Md Nor, A. I. Che-Ani. 2010. The development of a sustainably responsive ultra low energy terrace housing for the tropics incorporating the raised floor innovation. Proceedings of the 5th IASME / WSEAS International Conference on ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT (EE '10) University of Cambridge, United Kingdom p. 36-45, Energy and Environmental Engineering Series: A Series of Reference Books and Textbooks. Published by WSEAS Press. Wahl, Iver. 2007. Building Anatomy : An Illustrated Guide to How Structures Work. Mc.Graw Hill Company Inc. New York Zain, Zairin; Indra Wahyu Fajar. 2014. Tahapan Konstruksi Rumah Tradisional Suku Melayu Di Kota Sambas Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Langkau Betang Volume 1 Nomor 1 Tahun 2014. Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Tanjungpura dan Pusat Studi Disain Universitas Tanjungpura. Pontianak Zain, Zairin. 2013. The Anatomy of  traditional Dwellings: Comparative Study between Malay and Dayak Indigenous Architecture in West Kalimantan. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing/AV Akademikerverlag GmbH & Co. KG. Saarbrücken. Germany Zain, Zairin. 2012a. Pengaruh Aspek Eksternal Pada Rumah Melayu Tradisional di Kota Sambas. Jurnal NALARs, Vol 11 No 2 Juli 2012. Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta. Jakarta Zairin Zain. 2012b. Analisis Bentuk dan Ruang pada Rumah Melayu Tradisional di Kota Sambas, Kalimantan Barat.  Jurnal NALARs Volume 11 No. 2 Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta. Jakarta