Tumor-Associated Trypsin Inhibitor (TATI) as a Biomarker of Poor Prognosis in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Irrespective of HPV Status

• Main Authors: Anni Sjöblom, Ulf-Håkan Stenman, Jaana Hagström, Lauri Jouhi, Caj Haglund, Stina Syrjänen, Petri Mattila, Antti Mäkitie, Timo Carpén
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-06-01
• Series: Cancers
• Subjects: OPSCC; HPV; TATI; survival
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/11/2811

Background: We studied the role of tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) in serum and in tumor tissues among human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative OPSCC patients. Materials and methods: The study cohort included 90 OPSCC patients treated at the Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), Helsinki, Finland, in 2012–2016. TATI serum concentrations (S-TATIs) were determined by an immunofluorometric assay. Immunostaining was used to assess tissue expression. HPV status was determined with a combination of p16 immunohistochemistry and HPV DNA PCR genotyping. The survival endpoints were overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Results: A significant correlation was found between S-TATI positivity and poor OS (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and DSS (<i>p</i> = 0.04) in all patients. In HPV-negative cases, S-TATI positivity was linked to poor OS (<i>p</i> = 0.01) and DSS (<i>p</i> = 0.05). In HPV-positive disease, S-TATI positivity correlated with poor DSS (<i>p</i> = 0.01). S-TATI positivity was strongly associated with HPV negativity. TATI serum was negatively linked to a lower cancer stage. TATI expression in peritumoral lymphocytes was associated with favorable OS (<i>p</i> < 0.025) and HPV positivity. TATI expression in tumor and in peritumoral lymphocytes correlated with lower cancer stages. Conclusion: Our results suggest that S-TATI positivity may be a biomarker of poor prognosis in both HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPSCC.