Trioecy in Coccoloba cereifera Schwacke (Polygonaceae), a narrow endemic and threatened tropical species

Trioecy, the co-occurrence of the males, females, and hermaphrodite morphs in natural populations, is a rare and poorly studied breeding system. It is expressed in Coccoloba cereifera, an endemic, and endangered species from the rupestrian fields of Serra do Cipó, southeastern Brazil. Male individua...

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Main Authors: Celice Alexandre Silva, Marco Antonio Oliva, Milene Faria Vieira, Geraldo Wilson Fernandes
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná (Tecpar) 2008-10-01
Series:Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132008000500017
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spelling doaj-e406dc98e2fb402dbd1758f89a1ae5212020-11-25T00:27:29ZengInstituto de Tecnologia do Paraná (Tecpar)Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology1516-89131678-43242008-10-015151003101010.1590/S1516-89132008000500017Trioecy in Coccoloba cereifera Schwacke (Polygonaceae), a narrow endemic and threatened tropical speciesCelice Alexandre SilvaMarco Antonio OlivaMilene Faria VieiraGeraldo Wilson FernandesTrioecy, the co-occurrence of the males, females, and hermaphrodite morphs in natural populations, is a rare and poorly studied breeding system. It is expressed in Coccoloba cereifera, an endemic, and endangered species from the rupestrian fields of Serra do Cipó, southeastern Brazil. Male individuals produce staminate flowers but no fruits. Female individuals produce pistillate flowers and set fruits. Both staminate and pistillate flowers present non-functional organs of the opposite sex that simulate perfect flowers. Hermaphrodite individuals produce two different perfect flowers, each one belonging to distinct individuals, and set fruits. Perfect flowers differ in the amount of pollen produced, in pollen viability, and in some morphological traits. Two Hymenoptera species visited the flowers sporadically. The low natural fructification indicated a limited pollination, while the fruit set recorded in bagged pistillate flowers indicated agamospermy. Female individuals represent more than 40% of the population studied and must be the result of agamospermic seeds.<br>A trioicia, a coocorrência, em população natural, de indivíduos masculinos, femininos e hermafroditas, é um sistema reprodutivo raro e pouco estudado. Coccoloba cereifera (Polygonaceae), espécie endêmica e em perigo de extinção dos campos rupestres da Serra do Cipó, sudeste brasileiro, apresenta esse sistema. Indivíduos masculinos produzem flores estaminadas e não frutificam. Indivíduos femininos produzem flores pistiladas e frutificam. Ambas flores estaminadas e pistiladas apresentam órgãos não-funcionais do sexo oposto, tornando-as semelhantes às flores perfeitas. Indivíduos hermafroditas produzem dois tipos de flores perfeitas, cada um pertencente a indivíduos distintos, e ambos frutificam. As flores perfeitas diferem entre si na quantidade de pólen produzido, na viabilidade do pólen e em algumas características morfológicas. Duas espécies de Hymenoptera visitaram as flores esporadicamente. A baixa frutificação natural indicou uma polinização limitada, ao passo que a frutificação registrada em flores pistiladas, isoladas por sacos, indicou agamospermia. Indivíduos femininos representaram mais que 40% da população estudada e devem ser resultantes de sementes agamospérmicas.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132008000500017agamospermybreeding systemsCoccoloba cereiferasex determinationsexual morphstrioecy
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Celice Alexandre Silva
Marco Antonio Oliva
Milene Faria Vieira
Geraldo Wilson Fernandes
spellingShingle Celice Alexandre Silva
Marco Antonio Oliva
Milene Faria Vieira
Geraldo Wilson Fernandes
Trioecy in Coccoloba cereifera Schwacke (Polygonaceae), a narrow endemic and threatened tropical species
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology
agamospermy
breeding systems
Coccoloba cereifera
sex determination
sexual morphs
trioecy
author_facet Celice Alexandre Silva
Marco Antonio Oliva
Milene Faria Vieira
Geraldo Wilson Fernandes
author_sort Celice Alexandre Silva
title Trioecy in Coccoloba cereifera Schwacke (Polygonaceae), a narrow endemic and threatened tropical species
title_short Trioecy in Coccoloba cereifera Schwacke (Polygonaceae), a narrow endemic and threatened tropical species
title_full Trioecy in Coccoloba cereifera Schwacke (Polygonaceae), a narrow endemic and threatened tropical species
title_fullStr Trioecy in Coccoloba cereifera Schwacke (Polygonaceae), a narrow endemic and threatened tropical species
title_full_unstemmed Trioecy in Coccoloba cereifera Schwacke (Polygonaceae), a narrow endemic and threatened tropical species
title_sort trioecy in coccoloba cereifera schwacke (polygonaceae), a narrow endemic and threatened tropical species
publisher Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná (Tecpar)
series Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology
issn 1516-8913
1678-4324
publishDate 2008-10-01
description Trioecy, the co-occurrence of the males, females, and hermaphrodite morphs in natural populations, is a rare and poorly studied breeding system. It is expressed in Coccoloba cereifera, an endemic, and endangered species from the rupestrian fields of Serra do Cipó, southeastern Brazil. Male individuals produce staminate flowers but no fruits. Female individuals produce pistillate flowers and set fruits. Both staminate and pistillate flowers present non-functional organs of the opposite sex that simulate perfect flowers. Hermaphrodite individuals produce two different perfect flowers, each one belonging to distinct individuals, and set fruits. Perfect flowers differ in the amount of pollen produced, in pollen viability, and in some morphological traits. Two Hymenoptera species visited the flowers sporadically. The low natural fructification indicated a limited pollination, while the fruit set recorded in bagged pistillate flowers indicated agamospermy. Female individuals represent more than 40% of the population studied and must be the result of agamospermic seeds.<br>A trioicia, a coocorrência, em população natural, de indivíduos masculinos, femininos e hermafroditas, é um sistema reprodutivo raro e pouco estudado. Coccoloba cereifera (Polygonaceae), espécie endêmica e em perigo de extinção dos campos rupestres da Serra do Cipó, sudeste brasileiro, apresenta esse sistema. Indivíduos masculinos produzem flores estaminadas e não frutificam. Indivíduos femininos produzem flores pistiladas e frutificam. Ambas flores estaminadas e pistiladas apresentam órgãos não-funcionais do sexo oposto, tornando-as semelhantes às flores perfeitas. Indivíduos hermafroditas produzem dois tipos de flores perfeitas, cada um pertencente a indivíduos distintos, e ambos frutificam. As flores perfeitas diferem entre si na quantidade de pólen produzido, na viabilidade do pólen e em algumas características morfológicas. Duas espécies de Hymenoptera visitaram as flores esporadicamente. A baixa frutificação natural indicou uma polinização limitada, ao passo que a frutificação registrada em flores pistiladas, isoladas por sacos, indicou agamospermia. Indivíduos femininos representaram mais que 40% da população estudada e devem ser resultantes de sementes agamospérmicas.
topic agamospermy
breeding systems
Coccoloba cereifera
sex determination
sexual morphs
trioecy
url http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132008000500017
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