Wood density and wood shrinkage in relation to initial spacing and tree growth in black spruce (Picea mariana)
Abstract This study has quantified basic wood density and various types of wood shrinkage in relation to initial spacing (or initial planting density) and tree growth based on a 48-year-old black spruce (Picea mariana) spacing trial in eastern Canada. A total of 139 sample trees were collected from...
Main Authors: | , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
SpringerOpen
2021-04-01
|
Series: | Journal of Wood Science |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s10086-021-01965-9 |
id |
doaj-e3e08880cc224c78aaed9989efe18297 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-e3e08880cc224c78aaed9989efe182972021-04-18T11:30:30ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Wood Science1435-02111611-46632021-04-0167111010.1186/s10086-021-01965-9Wood density and wood shrinkage in relation to initial spacing and tree growth in black spruce (Picea mariana)Shu Yin Zhang0Haiqing Ren1Zehui Jiang2International Centre for Bamboo and RattanChinese Academy of ForestryInternational Centre for Bamboo and RattanAbstract This study has quantified basic wood density and various types of wood shrinkage in relation to initial spacing (or initial planting density) and tree growth based on a 48-year-old black spruce (Picea mariana) spacing trial in eastern Canada. A total of 139 sample trees were collected from four initial spacings (3086, 2500, 2066, 1372 trees/ha) for this study. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) show that initial spacing is the most important parameter affecting wood density significantly, followed by tree diameter at breast height (DBH) class. With increasing spacing, wood density, radial and volumetric shrinkage tend to decrease, whereas longitudinal shrinkage tends to increase gradually. The largest spacing has the lowest wood density, the smallest transverse shrinkage and the largest longitudinal shrinkage. Path analysis indicates that wood density is the most important parameter affecting transverse shrinkage, followed by the distance from the pith. Furthermore, much of the variation of the transverse shrinkage with wood density may be due to the initial spacing and tree DBH class. Path analysis also reveals that longitudinal shrinkage is mainly related to log height and tree DBH class. With increasing log height, longitudinal shrinkage tends to increase, and transverse shrinkage tends to decrease. With increasing DBH class, the trees tend to have an increasing longitudinal shrinkage and a decreasing transverse shrinkage. Overall, this study suggests that a large increase in the initial spacing (e.g., 1372 trees/ha) might lead to a significant reduction in both wood density and transverse shrinkage, and a significant increase in longitudinal shrinkage in black spruce.https://doi.org/10.1186/s10086-021-01965-9Black spruceBasic wood densityWood shrinkageInitial stand densityTree growthLog height |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Shu Yin Zhang Haiqing Ren Zehui Jiang |
spellingShingle |
Shu Yin Zhang Haiqing Ren Zehui Jiang Wood density and wood shrinkage in relation to initial spacing and tree growth in black spruce (Picea mariana) Journal of Wood Science Black spruce Basic wood density Wood shrinkage Initial stand density Tree growth Log height |
author_facet |
Shu Yin Zhang Haiqing Ren Zehui Jiang |
author_sort |
Shu Yin Zhang |
title |
Wood density and wood shrinkage in relation to initial spacing and tree growth in black spruce (Picea mariana) |
title_short |
Wood density and wood shrinkage in relation to initial spacing and tree growth in black spruce (Picea mariana) |
title_full |
Wood density and wood shrinkage in relation to initial spacing and tree growth in black spruce (Picea mariana) |
title_fullStr |
Wood density and wood shrinkage in relation to initial spacing and tree growth in black spruce (Picea mariana) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Wood density and wood shrinkage in relation to initial spacing and tree growth in black spruce (Picea mariana) |
title_sort |
wood density and wood shrinkage in relation to initial spacing and tree growth in black spruce (picea mariana) |
publisher |
SpringerOpen |
series |
Journal of Wood Science |
issn |
1435-0211 1611-4663 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Abstract This study has quantified basic wood density and various types of wood shrinkage in relation to initial spacing (or initial planting density) and tree growth based on a 48-year-old black spruce (Picea mariana) spacing trial in eastern Canada. A total of 139 sample trees were collected from four initial spacings (3086, 2500, 2066, 1372 trees/ha) for this study. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) show that initial spacing is the most important parameter affecting wood density significantly, followed by tree diameter at breast height (DBH) class. With increasing spacing, wood density, radial and volumetric shrinkage tend to decrease, whereas longitudinal shrinkage tends to increase gradually. The largest spacing has the lowest wood density, the smallest transverse shrinkage and the largest longitudinal shrinkage. Path analysis indicates that wood density is the most important parameter affecting transverse shrinkage, followed by the distance from the pith. Furthermore, much of the variation of the transverse shrinkage with wood density may be due to the initial spacing and tree DBH class. Path analysis also reveals that longitudinal shrinkage is mainly related to log height and tree DBH class. With increasing log height, longitudinal shrinkage tends to increase, and transverse shrinkage tends to decrease. With increasing DBH class, the trees tend to have an increasing longitudinal shrinkage and a decreasing transverse shrinkage. Overall, this study suggests that a large increase in the initial spacing (e.g., 1372 trees/ha) might lead to a significant reduction in both wood density and transverse shrinkage, and a significant increase in longitudinal shrinkage in black spruce. |
topic |
Black spruce Basic wood density Wood shrinkage Initial stand density Tree growth Log height |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s10086-021-01965-9 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT shuyinzhang wooddensityandwoodshrinkageinrelationtoinitialspacingandtreegrowthinblacksprucepiceamariana AT haiqingren wooddensityandwoodshrinkageinrelationtoinitialspacingandtreegrowthinblacksprucepiceamariana AT zehuijiang wooddensityandwoodshrinkageinrelationtoinitialspacingandtreegrowthinblacksprucepiceamariana |
_version_ |
1721522329654132736 |