Mapping, cluster detection and evaluation of risk factors of ovine toxoplasmosis in Southern Italy

• Main Authors: Roberto Condoleo, Vincenzo Musella, Maria Paola Maurelli, Antonio Bosco, Giuseppe Cringoli, Laura Rinaldi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: PAGEPress Publications 2016-05-01
• Series: Geospatial Health
• Subjects: Toxoplasma gondii; Sheep; Epidemiology; Geographical information systems; Italy
• Online Access: http://www.geospatialhealth.net/index.php/gh/article/view/432

Toxoplasmosis, an important cause of reproductive failure in sheep, is responsible for significant economic losses to the ovine industry worldwide. Moreover, ovine meat contaminated by the parasite <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> is considered as a common source of infection for humans. The aim of this study was to develop point and risk profiling maps of <em>T. gondii</em> seroprevalence in sheep bred in Campania Region (Southern Italy) and analyse risk factors associated at the flock-level. We used serological data from a previous survey of 117 sheep flocks, while environmental and farm management information were obtained from an analysis based on geographical information systems and a questionnaire purveyance, respectively. An univariate Poisson regression model revealed that the type of farm production (milk and meat vs only meat) was the only independent variable associated with <em>T. gondii</em> positivity (P&lt;0.02); the higher within-flock seroprevalence in milking herds suggests that milking practices might influence the spread of the infection on the farm. Neither environmental nor other management variables were significant. Since a majority of flocks were seasonally or permanently on pasture, the animals have a high exposure to infectious <em>T. gondii</em> oocysts, so the high within-flock seroprevalence might derive from this management factor. However, further studies are needed to better assess the actual epidemiological situation of toxoplasmosis in sheep and to clarify the factors that influence its presence and distribution.